I-Structural Mechanics kunye neNtshukumo: I-Biomechanics icacisiwe

Kubantu abajongene nemiba ye-musculoskelet kunye neempawu zentlungu, ngaba banokufunda malunga ne-biomechanics kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo ukunyakaza, ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba, kunye nokusebenza, uncedo kunyango lokulimala kunye nokukhusela?

I-Biomechanics

I-Biomechanics ifunda zonke iintlobo zobomi kunye nokusebenza kwazo koomatshini. Abaninzi bacinga nge-biomechanics kwimidlalo kunye nokusebenza kwezemidlalo, kodwa i-biomechanics inceda ukudala nokuphucula iteknoloji, izixhobo kunye neendlela zokubuyisela ukulimala. (Tung-Wu Lu, Chu-Fen Chang 2012) Izazinzulu, oogqirha bamayeza ezemidlalo, iiphysiotherapists, iichiropractors, kunye neengcali zokulungisa imeko zisebenzisa i-biomechanics ukunceda ukuphuhlisa imigaqo yoqeqesho kunye nobuchule bokuphucula iziphumo zonyango.

Ukuhamba komzimba

I-Biomechanics ifunda ukunyakaza komzimba, kubandakanywa nendlela izihlunu, amathambo, i-tendon, kunye nemigqaliselo esebenza ngayo kunye, ngakumbi xa ukunyakaza kungafanelekanga okanye kuchanekileyo. Iyingxenye yentsimi enkulu ye-kinesiology, igxininise ngokukodwa kwi-motion mechanics kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela onke amalungu omzimba asebenza ngayo kunye nokwenza ukunyakaza kwezemidlalo kunye nokuqhelekileyo. (UJosé M Vilar et al., 2013) IBiomechanics ibandakanya:

• Ukwakheka kwamathambo kunye nezihlunu.
• Isakhono sokushukuma.
• Ubuchwephesha bokujikeleza kwegazi, ukusebenza kwezintso, kunye neminye imisebenzi.
• Uphononongo lwamandla kunye nemiphumo yale mikhosi kwizicubu, ulwelo, okanye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa, unyango, okanye uphando. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)

Sports

Izifundo zebhayomechanics zezemidlalo kwimithambo, uqeqesho, kunye nezemidlalo, ezibandakanya ifiziksi kunye nemithetho yobuchwephesha. Umzekelo, i-biomechanics yomsebenzi othile ijonga:

• Indawo yomzimba.
• Ukushukuma kweenyawo, isinqe, amadolo, umva, amagxa neengalo.

Ukwazi iipatheni zentshukumo ezichanekileyo kunceda ukwenza uninzi lomsebenzi ngelixa ukhusela ukulimala, ukulungisa iimpazamo zefomu, ukwazisa imigaqo yoqeqesho, kunye nokwandisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukuqonda indlela umzimba ohamba ngayo kwaye kutheni uhamba ngendlela oyenzayo kunceda abaqeqeshi bezonyango bakhusele kwaye baphathe ukulimala, ukunciphisa iimpawu zentlungu, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza.

izixhobo

I-Biomechanics isetyenziselwa ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zomzimba kunye nezemidlalo ukuphucula ukusebenza. Umzekelo, isihlangu sinokuthi siyilelwe ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-skateboarder, imbaleki yomgama omde, okanye umdlali webhola ekhatywayo. Imiphezulu yokudlala nayo ifundelwa le njongo, njengokuba ukuqina komphezulu we-artificial turf kukuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kwembaleki. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)

Ngabanye

• I-Biomechanics inokuhlalutya ukunyakaza komntu ngamnye kwintshukumo esebenzayo ngakumbi ngexesha loqeqesho kunye nemidlalo.
• Umzekelo, ukubaleka komntu okanye ukujingi kungafotwa kunye neengcebiso malunga nokuba utshintshe ntoni ukuze uphucule.

Ukulimala

• Isayensi ifunda izizathu, unyango, kunye nokuthintela ukwenzakala kwe-neuromusculoskeletal.
• Uphando lunokuhlalutya imikhosi ebangela ukulimala kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi kwiingcali zonyango malunga nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala.

uqeqesho

• I-Biomechanics ifunda ubuchule bezemidlalo kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
• Oku kunokubandakanya uphando malunga nokubeka, ukukhululwa, ukulandelwa, njl.
• Inokuhlalutya kwaye incede ukuyila iindlela zoqeqesho ezitsha ezisekwe kwiimfuno zoomatshini bomdlalo, ezijolise kwisiphumo esingcono. ukwenza.
• Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenza kwemisipha kulinganiswa ngebhayisikili usebenzisa i-electromyography kunye ne-kinematics, enceda abaphandi bahlalutye izinto ezifana ne-posture, amacandelo, okanye ukuqina kokuzivocavoca okuchaphazela ukusebenza. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)

Iimvo

Kwi-biomechanics, iintshukumo zomzimba zibhekiswa kuzo ukusuka kwindawo ye-anatomical:

• Ukuma nkqo, ujonge ngqo phambili
• Iingalo emacaleni
• Amasundu ajonge phambili
• Iinyawo ziqelelene kancinci, iinzwane zibheke phambili.

Iindiza ezintathu ze-anatomical ziquka:

• I-Sagittal - i-median - Ukwahlula umzimba kwisiqingatha sokunene kunye nesobunxele yi-sagittal / indiza ephakathi. I-Flexion kunye nokwandiswa kwenzeka kwindiza ye-sagittal.
• Ngaphambili-Inqwelomoya yangaphambili yahlula umzimba kumacala angaphambili nangasemva kodwa ikwabandakanya ukuxhwilwa, okanye ukususa imilenze kude neziko, kunye nokunyuswa, okanye ukuhambisa imilenze ukuya embindini kwinqwelomoya engaphambili.
• Ukuguquguquka - ngokuthe tye. – Amalungu aphezulu nasezantsi omzimba ahlulwe yi-transverse/horizontal plane. Iintshukumo ezijikelezayo zenzeka apha. (IBhunga laseMelika lokuzilolonga ngo-2017)
• Ukuhambisa umzimba kuzo zontathu iindiza kwenzeka kunye nomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Kungenxa yoko le nto kucetyiswa ukwenza umthambo kwiplani nganye yentshukumo ukwakha amandla, umsebenzi kunye nokuzinza.

izixhobo

Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukufunda i-biomechanics. Uphononongo luqhele ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esaziwa ngokuba yi-electromyography okanye i-EMG sensors. Izinzwa zibekwe eluswini kwaye zilinganisa ubungakanani kunye neqondo le-fiber muscle activation kwimisipha ethile ngexesha lovavanyo lovavanyo. Ii-EMG zinokunceda:

• Abaphandi bayaqonda ukuba yeyiphi imithambo esebenza ngakumbi kunezinye.
• Iingcali zonyango ziyazi ukuba izihlunu zezigulane zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zisebenza.

1. I-Dynamometers sesinye isixhobo esinceda ukulinganisa amandla emisipha.
2. Balinganisa imveliso yamandla eveliswa ngexesha le-muscle contractions ukuze babone ukuba izihlunu zomelele ngokwaneleyo.
3. Zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla okubamba, onokuthi ube ngumqondiso wamandla onke, impilo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. (U-Li Huang et al., ngo-2022)

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Ngaphandle koLungiso: I-Chiropractic kunye ne-Integrative Healthcare

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Ucaphulo

Lu, TW, & Chang, CF (2012). I-Biomechanics yokuhamba kwabantu kunye nezicelo zayo zeklinikhi. Ijenali yeKaohsiung yenzululwazi yezonyango, 28(2 Suppl), S13–S25. doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2011.08.004

Vilar, JM, Miró, F., Rivero, MA, & Spinella, G. (2013). Biomechanics. Uphando lweBioMed lwamazwe ngamazwe, 2013, 271543. doi.org/10.1155/2013/271543

I-Priego-Quesada JI (2021). Ukuzivocavoca kweBiomechanics kunye nePhysiology. Ubomi (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 159. doi.org/10.3390/life11020159

IBhunga laseMelika lokuzilolonga. Makeba Edwards. (2017). Iiplani zeMotion ezicacisiweyo (iNzululwazi yoMthambo, umba. www.acefitness.org/fitness-certifications/ace-answers/exam-preparation-blog/2863/the-planes-of-motion-explained/

Huang, L., Liu, Y., Lin, T., Hou, L., Ingoma, Q., Ge, N., & Yue, J. (2022). Ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka kwee-dynamometers ezimbini zezandla xa zisetyenziswa ngabantu abadala abahlala ekuhlaleni abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. BMC geriatrics, 22(1), 580. doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03270-6