Ukuvavanya uMsebenzi weMigodi ye-cranial e-El Paso, TX

Oogqirha, izazi ze-neurologists kunye nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo bangasoloko beqhuba ukuhlolwa kwemigudu yentsholongwane njengenxalenye yolu vavanyo lwe-neurological ukuhlalutya ukusebenza neentsholongwane. Oku kubandakanya uchungechunge olunzulu lweemvavanyo ezivavanya imeko yentsholongwane nganye ye-cranial. Uvavanyo lwesifo somlingo luqala ngokubonwa kwesigulane ngenxa yento yokuba izilonda zesifo somnxeba zingagqithisa ukulinganisa ubuso okanye amehlo, phakathi kwezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu.

 

Iindawo zokubonwayo zezilonda zemithambo-luvo okanye inystagmus zivavanywa ngovavanyo lweentshukumo ezithile zamehlo. Ukuziva kobuso kuvavanywa ngokucela izigulane ukuba ziqhube iintshukumo zobuso ezahlukeneyo, njengokukhukhumala izidlele zabo. Ukuva kuhlolwa ngelizwi kunye neefolokhwe zokulungisa. Indawo ye-uvula yomntu nayo iyavavanywa kuba i-asymmetry ekubekweni kwayo ingabonisa inxeba kwi-nerve ye-glossopharyngeal. Emva kokukwazi komntu ukusebenzisa igxalaba lakhe ukuvavanya i-nerve ye-accessory (XI), ukusebenza kolwimi lwesigulana ngokuqhelekileyo kuvavanywa ngokufumanisa ukunyakaza kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo.

 

Ukulimala okanye ukulimala kweMigodi ye-Cranial

 

Ukunyanzeliswa

 

Iimbilini ze-Cranial zinganyanzeliswa ngenxa yokunyuka kwengcinezelo engena-intracranial, impembelelo enzulu yentsholongwane ye-intracerebral, okanye i-tumor ephikisana neengxaki ze-cranial kwaye iphazamise uxhulumaniso lweemvakalelo ezikude nobude bentsholongwane. Kwezinye iziganeko, ukulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi yentsholongwane enye yeso sihlandlo ngezinye izihlandlo kungabonakalisa uphawu lokuqala lomhlaza wesiqalo.

 

Ukunyuka kweengcinezelo zengcinezelo kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni i-optic nerons (II) ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kweemithanjeni ezijikelezayo kunye nama-capillari, okubangelwa ukukhukhuma kweso le-eye, eyaziwa njenge-papilloedema. Umhlaza, onjenge-optic glioma, unokuchaphazela ne-optic nerve (II). I-tumor ye-pituitary ingacinezela amaphecana ama-optic okanye i-optic chiasm ye-optic nererve (II), eyenza ukulahlekelwa kwintsimi ebonakalayo. I-tumor i-pituitary ingaphinde isonge kwi-cavernous sinus, ixinzelele i-oculuomotor nererve (III), i-trochlear nererve (IV) kwaye iyancipha i-nerve (VI), ihlala iholele kwimibono emibini kunye ne-strabismus. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokuthi zichaphazeleke ngokunyuka kwe-lobes yesikhashana yengqondo nge-falx cerebri.

 

Isizathu se-trigeminal neuralgia, apho uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso lubona iimpawu ezibuhlungu kunye neempawu, lukholelwa ukuba lubangelwa ukunyanzeliswa kwentsholongwane ye-cranial ngomthamo njengoko i-nerve iphuma ebuchosheni. I-neuroma ye-acoustic, ngokukodwa kwintlangano phakathi kwepons kunye ne-medulla, inokuyinyanzela isifo somzimba (VII) kunye ne-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kunye nokulahlekelwa kwintlungu kwicala elichaphazelekayo.

 

Stroke

 

Ukugqithiswa kwemithambo yegazi enikezela iimbilini ze-cranial okanye i-nuclei, okanye isifo se-ischemic, kunokubangela iimpawu kunye neempawu ezithile ezinokuthi zikwazi ukufumana apho kwenzeka khona. A ihlwili ngesitya igazi ekufunxeni le sinus cavernous, okwabizwa ngokuba sinus thrombosis cavernous, ezinokuchaphazela oculomotor (III), lo trochlear (IV), kwaye isebe opthalamic lwe-luvo trigeminal (V1) kunye nemithambo abducens (VI ).

 

Ukuvutha

 

Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa usulelo kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwanoma yiyiphi imivimbo ye-cranial. Ukukhulelwa kwesibindi somzimba (VII), umzekelo, kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kweBella. I-Multiple sclerosis, inkqubo yokuvuvukala ekwazi ukuvelisa ilahleko ze-myelin ezijikeleza izibilini ze-craneal, zingabangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zempawu kunye neempawu ezinokuthi zitshintshe iimbilini ezininzi.

 

omnye

 

Isigulane kwi-kayi, izifo zethambo ezifana nesifo sePaget, kunye nomonakalo okanye ukulimala kwiimbilini ze-craneal ngokusebenzisa i-neurosurgery, ngokomzekelo, ngokususwa kwe-tumor, zikhona ezinye izizathu ezibangelwa yimpilo ye-nervous nerve.

 

Insight of Dr. Alex Jimenez

Kukho ii-12 zimbini zeentsholongwane ezinqabileyo eziphuma ebuchosheni, enye kwicala ngalinye. Ezi zinzwa ze-cranial zibizwa kwaye zibalwa (I-XII) ngokweendawo zazo kwingqondo kunye nomsebenzi wazo owenziwe emzimbeni. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo, ezinjenge-multiple sclerosis, zinokuchaphazela enye okanye ngaphezulu kweentsholongwane ze-cranial, ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kwemimandla ethile engabonwa yiyo. Iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nempilo echaphazela iimbilini ezithile zingancedisa abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuba baqaphele umthombo wengxaki. Ukuvavanya iingxaki ze-cranial zibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi ukwenzela ukuba uqiniseke ukuba yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba womntu ekugqityiweyo.

 

Ukubaluleka kweeNtsholongwane zeMigodi ye-Cranial

 

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu bakholelwa ukuba baneebini ezilishumi elinesibini zeentsimbi zomnxeba eziye zabelwa iinombolo zamaRoma I-XII ukuze zichongwe. Ukubalwa kwamathambo e-cranial kusekelwe kumyalelo apho bavela khona ebuchosheni, okanye ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva kwe-brainstem. Ezi ziquka: i-luvo ukuqgiba (I), i-luvo optic (II), i-luvo oculomotor (III), i-luvo trochlear (IV), i-luvo trigeminal (V), i-luvo abducens (VI), i-luvo yobuso (VII ), i-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), i-glossopharyngeal nererve (IX), i-vagus nerve (X), imbono yokufikelela (XI) kunye ne-hypoglossal nererve (XII). Ngezantsi siza kunciphisa ukubaluleka kwekliniki yeentsholongwane ze-cranial.

 

I-Olfactory Nerve (I)

 

I-nerfactory nerve (I) idlulisela ukuvakalelwa kwentsholongwane. Izilonda ezibangelwa i-anosmia, okanye ukulahlekelwa kwintsholongwane, sele zichazwe ngaphambili ukuba zenzeke ngengozi, umonakalo okanye ukulimala entloko, ngokukodwa kwimeko apho isigulane sithintela emva kwentloko. Ukongezelela, izihlwele zangaphambili ze-lobe, i-tumors, kunye ne-SOL nazo ziye zadibana nokulahlekelwa ngumqondo wokuvumba. Iingcali zonyango ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwentswelo yokuvumba enye yeyona nto ibonakaliswe kwii-Alzheimer kunye neentsuku zokugula ngengqondo.

 

abasebenzi bezempilo ukuze ndibalinge ukuba umsebenzi we-luvo ukuqgiba (I) ngokuthi isigulane bavala amehlo abo, bagubungele ethatheni omnye ngexesha ukwenzela ukuba nabo ngaphandle aphefumle impumlo zabo lo gama zibeke ivumba phantsi ethatheni nokuba nabo uphefumlele ngaphakathi. Ugqirha uya kubuza isigulane, "uyaphunga nantoni na?", Kwaye urekhode iziphumo. Ezi mvavanyo ukuba ingaba le nerve isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba isigulane sithi ewe, ugqirha uya kubuza isigulane ukuba sichaze iphunga. Ezi mvavanyo ukuba ingaba indlela yokucwangcisa, eyaziwa njenge-lobe yesikhashana, isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

 

I-Optic Nerve (II)

 

I-nertic optic (I) idlulisa ulwazi olubonakalayo kwi-retina. Izilonda kule ntsho ye-cranial ingabangela izifo ze-CNS, ezifana ne-MS, okanye i-CNS izifo kunye ne-SOL. Imiba emininzi yempilo enxulumene neenkqubo ezibonakalayo zivela kwintlungu, i-metabolic okanye i-vascular disease. I-FOV elahlekile kwiphoniphery ingabonisa ukuba i-SOL ingasichaphazela i-optic chiasm, kubandakanywa nesisu se-pituitary.

 

Umqeqeshi wezempilo uya kuhlola rhoqo umsebenzi we-optic nerve (II) ngokubuza ukuba isiguli singabona. Ukuba isigulane sichaza ukuba nombono kwiso nganye, i-nertic optic isebenza. Oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo olubonakalayo lwezinto ezibonakalayo usebenzisa isatshixo seSnellen, iliso lokuqala lokuqala ngeso sihlandlo, ngoko ke amehlo amabini kunye, okanye angenza uvavanyo lokujonga umgama. Uvavanyo olusondeleyo lwamaxesha luza kubandakanya idilesi yaseRosenbaum, iliso lokuqala lokuqala ngeso sihlandlo, ngoko amehlo amabini kunye. Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo olongezelelweyo lwenkqubo ebonakalayo lunokubandakanya, uvavanyo lwe-ophthalmoscopic okanye i-funduscopic test, ehlola umlinganiselo we-A / V kunye nempilo ye-vein / yombane kunye nokuvavanya indebe ye-disc isilinganiso somboniso. Ezinye iindlela zokuvavanya ziquka intsimi yokuvavanywa kombono, ukuhlolwa koxinzelelo lwe-intraocomy kunye novavanyo lwe-iris shadow.

 

I-Oculomotor Nerve (III), iTrochlear Nerve (IV), kunye ne-Abducens Nerve (VI)

 

I-oculomotor nererve (III), isifo se-trochlear (IV), isisombululo se-nerchle (VI) kunye nesahlulo se-ophthalmic se-nerve trigeminal (V1) sihamba nge-cavernous sinus siye kwi-fissure ye-orbital ephezulu. . Ezi ntsholongwane zilawula izihlunu ezincinci ezithatha iso kwaye zinika ukugcinwa kwenyameko kweso kunye nokujikeleza.

 

Ukubaluleka kwezonyango luvo oculomotor (III) kuquka diplopia, strabismus osecaleni (bungenazintshaba osecaleni rectus m.), Ujikelezo intloko kude ecaleni sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi, umfundi inimba (bungenazintshaba dilator pupillae m.), Kunye ptosis kwe ijwabu ( ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi weliverator palpebrae superioris m.). Izitshanguba ukuya luvo oculomotor (III) lunokwenzeka ngenxa izifo ukudumba, ezifana syphilitic kwaye tuberculous meningitis, aneurysms le ngomva yobuchopho okanye esongamileyo cebellar aa., Kunye Sol kwi sinus cavernous okanye kancinane peduncle yobuchopho kwelinye icala. Ukuvavanya le ntshukumo ye-cranial eyenziwa ngokuhambisa umbane phambi komfundi wesigulane ukusuka kwicala lokuxhamla kwaye ubambe imizuzwana ye-6. Ugqirha kufuneka alinde ngokuthe ngqo (iliso elilumkileyo) kunye nelinye iliso (iso lombango) ukunyanzelisa i-pupillary constriction ukwenzela ukuhlukanisa ukungasebenzi kwe-oculomotor nererve (III).

 

Ukubaluleka kwekliniki yesifo se-trochlear (IV) sibonakala apho isigulane sinikeza i-diplopia kunye nobunzima ngenkathi ihlala phantsi, ihlala ikhononda ngokuba neengxaki xa uhamba phantsi ezitebhisini, okubangele ukuqhutyelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye / okanye ukuwa, kulandelwe ukunyangwa iliso elichaphazelekayo (elingathandabuliyo eliphantsi kwe-oblique m.) kunye nekhanda elijongene nelinye icala. Izilonda kwi-nerve trochlear (IV) zinokuthi zibangelwa zizifo ezivuthayo, i-aneurysms ye-posterior cerebral okanye i-cerebellar ephezulu., I-SOL kwi-sinus cavernous okanye i-fissure ye-orbital ephezulu kunye nomonakalo ophazamisayo ngexesha le-mesencephalon. Intloko ifakwe kwi-oblique palsy ephezulu (ukuhluleka kwe-CN IV) ingachongwa kwakhona.

 

Ukubaluleka kweklinikhi yokunciphisa iimbilini (VI) kubandakanya i-diplopia, i-strabismus yomlambo (i-rectus m.), Kunye nokujikeleza kwentloko kwicala lesilonda. Izitshanguba kule luvo cranial inokuba sisiphumo aneurysms le ngomva cerebellar kunguhata okanye aa basilar., Sol kwi sinus cavernous okanye 4th ventricle, ezifana ithumba cerebellar, Ukophuka ngomva fossa cranial, ndakumandisa ingcinezelo intracranial. Ukuvavanya le ntsho ye-cranial eyenziwa ngovavanyo lwe-H-Pattern, apho uphando lwezempilo luya kuba nesigulane silandele into engekho ngaphezulu kweeyure eziyi-2. Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha alandele ezi zikhokelo ezithile njengokuba isigulane sinokuba nobunzima ekugxinineni kwizinto ezinkulu kakhulu, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha angabambeli into enokuthi isondele kwisigulane. Ukuguqulwa nokuhlolwa kweendawo zokuhlala kuqhutyelwa ngokuzisa into kufuphi nebhuloho yengxolo yomgudu kwaye uphinde ubuye emva kwexesha le-2. Ugqirha kufuneka akhangele impendulo ye-pupillary kunye nokuguqulwa kwamehlo.

 

I-Trigeminal Nerve (V)

 

I-nerve trigeminal (V) yenziwe ngamalungu amathathu ahlukeneyo: The. Xa zihlanganisiwe, ezi zinzwa zibonelela ngesikhumba ebusweni kwaye zilawula kwakhona izihlunu zokutyunjwa, okanye ukuhlafuna. I-cranial nerve dysfunction kunye nawaphi na ahlukeneyo amacandelo e-nerve trigeminal (V) angabonakalisa njengokunciphisa amandla okuluma kwinqanaba le-lesion, ukulahlekelwa kwintlungu kunye nokuhanjiswa kweV1, V2, kunye ne-V3, kunye nokulahleka kwe-reflex corneal. Izilonda kwi-nerve trigeminal (V) zingaba ngumphumo we-aneurysms okanye i-SOL echaphazela iipon, ikakhulukazi izicubu kwi-angle ye-cerebellopontine, i-skull ephuka emathanjeni ebusweni okanye umonakalo kwi-olamle ye-foramen, kunye ne-Tic doloureux, esoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi-trigeminal i-neuralgia, ebonakaliswe ngentlungu ebuhlungu kunye nokunikezelwa kweengxenye ezahlukeneyo zesigulane se-trigeminal (V). Oogqirha bangasebenzisa i-analgesic, anti-inflammatory okanye i-contralateral stimulation ukulawula iimpawu kunye neempawu.

 

Ukuvavanya i-trigeminal nerve (V) kubandakanya intlungu kunye novavanyo lokuchukumisa ukukhanya ecaleni kwe-ophthalmic (V1), i-maxillary (V2), kunye ne-Mandibular (V3) ye-nerve ye-cranial nerve. iindawo ezikude ze
ubuso, apho i-V1, i-V2 kunye ne-V3 zichazwe ngcono. Ingcali yezempilo inokuhlola ukungasebenzi kakuhle ecaleni kwale mithambo-luvo ye-cranial isebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-blink/corneal reflex, olwenziwa ngokufunxa umoya okanye ukwenza impompo encinci yethishu kwicala elisecaleni leliso kwi-cornea. Ukuba kuqhelekile, isigulane siyaqhwanyaza. I-CN V ibonelela nge-sensory (afferent) arc yale reflex. Amandla okuluma nawo asenokuvavanywa ngokuthi isigulana silume sicinezele ulwimi ngelixa ugqirha ezama ukusisusa. I-jaw jerk/I-Masseter reflex isenokwenziwa xa umlomo wesigulana uvuleke kancinane, ngokubeka ubhontsi esilevini somguli kunye nokucofa ubhontsi ngehamile yereflex. Ukuvalwa okuqinileyo komlomo kubonisa isilonda se-UMN. I-CN V ibonelela ngemoto kunye neemvakalelo zale reflex.

 

I-Face Nerve (VII) kunye neVestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

 

I-nerve ye-facial (VII) kunye ne-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) zombini igalelo lomngcipheko wangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwethambo lexesha. Ubushushu bombuso buya kwandula ngokubhekiselele kwicala liza kubela ukulawula nokufikelela kuzo zonke izihlunu eziphethe ubuso. I-vestibulocochlear nererve ifinyelela kwizitho ezilawula ukulingana nokuvalelwa kwithambo lexeshana.

 

Njengazo zonke iimbilini ze-cranial, iimpawu kunye neempawu kwi-nerve ye-facial (VII) ichaza indawo yesilonda. I-lesion kwisigxina seelwimi iya kubonakalisa njengelahleko yentetho, ukuvakalelwa ngokubanzi ngolwimi kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-salivary. Sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi proximal ukuya eyayizalwa le tympani chorda, ezifana kwi emjelweni yobuso, kuya kukhokelela iimpawu ezifanayo kunye neempawu, ngaphandle kokuba ilahleko koluvo jikelele ulwimi, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa kuba V3 akakafiki wazibandakanya nemithambo yobuso (VII ). I-Corticobulbar innervation iyimilinganiselo engxenyeni engenhla kunye nezantsi ye-motor nucleus ebusweni. Kwimeko yomlingo we-UMN, okanye i-lesion kwiimpawu ze-corticobulbar, isiguli siya kuba nokukhubazeka kwezihlunu ezijongene nesibonakaliso sobuso kwi-quadrant engezantsi. Ukuba kukho isilonda se-LMN, okanye isihlunu kwisifo somzimba ngokwawo, isiguli siya kuba nokukhubazeka kwezihlunu zobuso kweso siqalo sobuso, mhlawumbi saziwa ngokuba yiPell.

 

Umqeqeshi wezempilo uyakuvavanya isifo somzimba (VII) ekuqaleni ngokucela isigulane ukuba silingise okanye silandele imiyalelo ethile ukuba wenze ubuso obunjalo. Ugqirha kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba ahlolisise onke ama-quadrants amane ebusweni ngokucela isiguli ukuba sikhulise iinki, zikhuphe izihlathi, zityumze kwaye zivale amehlo abo. Emva koko, ugqirha uya kuvivinya i-facial nervous (VII) ngokujonga ubungqina bomsila we-buccinator ekuchaseni. Umqeqeshi wezezempilo uza kufezekisa ngoku ngokucela isigulane ukuba sibambe umoya emahlathini abo njengoko bacinezela ngokusuka ngaphandle. Isigulane kufuneka sikwazi ukugcina umoya ngokuchasene nokuchasana.

 

Izibonakaliso neempawu zokungasebenzi kwi-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) zidla ngokuquka utshintsho kwintetho yedwa, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yentsholongwane kwi-otitis media kunye / okanye ngenxa ye-crack fractures. Eyona sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi iqhelekileyo kule luvo okubangelwe yinto neuroma ive ochaphazela CN VII kunye CN VIII, ingakumbi amaqela cochlear kwaye vestibular, ngenxa isondele kwi meatus eziviwayo lwangaphakathi. Iimpawu neempawu zempilo zibandakanya intlanzi, ukuhlanza, utywala, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, i-tinnitus, kunye nokukhubazeka kweBell, njl.

 

Ukuvavanya i-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) yokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya uviwo lwe-otoscopic, uvavanyo lwe-scratch, olumisela ukuba isigulane sinokuva ngokulinganayo kumacala omabini, uvavanyo lwe-Weber, iimvavanyo ze-lateralization, i-256 Hz ifoloko yokulungisa ibekwe phezu kwesigulane. � Intloko embindini, enokunceda ukubonisa ukuba isigulana siyayiva na ngaphezulu kwelinye icala kunelinye, kwaye ekugqibeleni uvavanyo lwe-Rinne, oluthelekisa ukuqhutywa komoya kunye nokuqhutywa kwethambo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhamba komoya kufuneka kuhlale kabini ixesha elide njengoko kuqhutywe amathambo.

 

 

I-Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX), i-Vagus Nerve (X) ne-Accessory Nerve (XI)

 

I-glossopharyngeal (IX), i-vagus nererve (X) kunye ne-nerve ye-accessory (XI) yonke ephuma kwi-gace ukuba ingene entanyeni. I-glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) ihlinzekela ukugcinwa kwengqondo emlonyeni ophezulu nasemlonyeni welo lwimi, i-vagus nerve (X) inikezela ukungasindisi kwiimpawu zebhokisi yezwi, kwaye ihla ukubonelela ngokusindisa i-parasympathetic kwisifuba nesisu. I-nerve ye-accessory (XI) ilawula i-trapezius kunye ne-sternocleidomastoid imisipha entanyeni nasemagxeni.

 

I-glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) ayifane yonakale yodwa, ngenxa yokuba ikufuphi ne-CN X kunye ne-XI. Uchwepheshe wezempilo kufuneka enze uvavanyo ukujonga iimpawu ze-CN X & XI umonakalo kunye nokuba ukubandakanyeka kwe-CN IX kukrokrelwa.

 

Izigulane ezineempawu zeklinikhi kunye neempawu ezibangelwa yi-vagus nerve (X) ukungasebenzi kakubi kunokufumana i-dysarthria, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha ngokucacileyo, kunye ne-dysphagia, okanye ubunzima bokugwinya. Ezi zingabonisa njengokutya okanye utywala obuvela kwimpumlo yabo okanye ukunyuka rhoqo okanye ukukhwehlela xa bedla kunye / okanye ukusela. Iinkalo ezongezelelweyo zeklinikhi ziquka ukunyanzeliswa kombane we-visceral, okukhokelela ekukhutshelweni kwe-acast acid kwaye kubangele izilonda. Ukuvuselela ngokukodwa kwendima yecandelo elivakalayo kungabangela ukukhwehlela, ukuphazamiseka, ukuhlanza nokuchukumisa i-visceral motor activity. Icandelo le-visceral sensory le nerve linika kuphela iimvakalelo eziqhelekileyo zokungazinzi kakuhle kodwa iintlungu zentlungu zingadlulisela kwiintlungu zengqondo.

 

Uvavanyo lwe-glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) kunye ne-vagus nerve (X) inokubandakanya i-gag reflex, apho i-CN IX ibonelela nge-afferent (sensory) arc kunye ne-CN X ibonelela nge-efferent (motor) arc. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 ezigulana zinegag reflex encinci okanye engekhoyo. Olunye uvavanyo lunokubandakanya ukujula, ukugixa, njalo njalo, njengoko kufuna umsebenzi we-CN X. Iingcali zezempilo zinokuvavanya ukuphakama kwepalatal kuba ifuna umsebenzi we-CN X. Ngaphaya koko, ugqirha uya kubona ukuba inkalakahla iyaphakama kwaye i-uvula iyatenxa
olwahlukileyo kwicala elilinakele. Ekugqibeleni, uqeqesho lwezempilo luya kuhlola ukuhluthwa kwenhliziyo, kuba i-CN CN iyayigcina i-node yaseMzantsi Afrika (umgaqo-mgangatho ophezulu) kunye ne-CN CN ye-AV node (umgaqo-mnye we-rhythm regulation).

 

 

Izilonda kwi-accessory nerve (XI) zingenzeka ngenxa yotyando olunzulu kwindawo yentamo, njengokususwa kwe-laryngeal carcinomas. Uvavanyo lwe-nerve ye-accessory (XI) inokubandakanya uvavanyo lwamandla SCM m. Izigulane ezineempawu zeklinikhi kunye neempawu ngenxa yezilonda kwi-nerve ye-accessory (XI) baya kuba nobunzima bokuguqula intloko yabo ngokuchasene nokuchaswa kwengcali yezempilo, ngokukodwa kwicala elichasene nesilonda. Uvavanyo lwe-accessory nerve (XI) lusenokubandakanya uvavanyo lwamandla etrapezius m. Izigulane ezineempawu zeklinikhi kunye neempawu ngenxa yezilonda kwi-nerve accessory (XI) ziya kuba nobunzima ngokunyuka kwamagxa kwicala le-lesion.

 

I-Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

 

I-nerve ye-hypoglossal (XII) ivela kwi-gace ukuze ifikelele kulwimi ukuze ilawulwe ngokusisiseko yonke imisipha echaphazelekayo ekuhambeni kolwimi. Ukubaluleka kweklinikhi yemiba yempilo ehambelana nenzwa ye-hypoglossal (XII) ingabonakalisa ulwimi oluphambuke kwicala elingenakusebenza genioglossus m. ngolwimi olukhuselekileyo. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba kulandelelaniswe kwi-corticobulbar, okanye i-UMN, isilonda okanye kwi-ipsilateral ukuya kwi-hypoglossal n., Okanye i-LMN, isihlunu.

 

 

Ukuvavanya kwe-nerve ye-hypoglossal (XII) ibandakanya uchwepheshe wezempilo ocela isigulane ukuba sinamathele ulwimi lwabo. Ugqirha uya kujonga nayiphi na ukuphambuka okungayibonakalisa inkinga yempilo kunye nobude be-nerve ye-hypoglossal (XII). Olunye uvanyo ogqirha angenza ngalo njengenxalenye yokuvavanya kungabandakanya ugqirha ecela isigulane ukuba sibeke ulwimi lwabo ngaphakathi kwesigxathu kwaye sisebenzise ukumelana nokukhanya, elinye icala ngexesha. Isigulane kufuneka sikwazi ukumelana nokunyusa ulwimi lwabo ngcinezelo.

 

Ukuhlolwa kweeNtsholongwane zeNtshontsho ze-Cranial I-VI

 

 

Ukuhlolwa kweeNtsholongwane zeNtsholongwane kaVII-XII

 

 

Ukubaluleka kweklinikhi yeempawu kunye neempawu ezibonakalisa ngenxa ye-cranial nerve dysfunction zibalulekile ukwenzela ukuba unonophelo lwezezempilo uphewule ngokufanelekileyo isigxina sempilo ethile. Iziphumo zekliniki ezichazwe ngasentla zihlala ziyingqayizivele kwi-nerve ye-cranial echaphazelekayo kwaye iimvavanyo kunye nokuvavanywa ngamnye kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo kuyisisiseko ukuze ugqirha aqhubeke nokunyanga okufanelekileyo kwesigulane. Ubungakanani beenkcukacha zethu zikhawulelwe kwi-chiropractic kunye nokulimala kwemigudu kunye nemeko. Ukuxoxa ngesihloko, nceda ukhululeke ukucela uDkt Jimenez okanye uqhagamshelane nathi 915-850-0900 .

 

Ikhutshwe nguDkt. Alex Jimenez

 

 

Imixholo eyongezelelweyo: iSciatica

Sciatica kuthethwa ngokuzonyango njengemqoqo yeempawu, kunokuba yingozi kunye / okanye imeko. Iimpawu zentlungu ye-ncium, okanye i-sciatica, inokuthi ihluke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nobukhulu, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwe ngokukhawuleza, ebukhali (injenge-like) okanye intlungu yomsakazo ephuma kwi-low-down back downs, emagqabini, emathangeni kunye imilenze inyawo. Ezinye iimpawu ze-sciatica zingabandakanya, ukutshitshiswa okanye ukutshisa, ukugubungela kunye nobuthathaka kunye nobude beentsimbi ze-sciatic. I-Sciatica ihlala ichaphazela abantu phakathi kweminyaka eyi-30 kunye ne-50 iminyaka. Kungasoloko kuphuhliswa ngenxa yesantya sokusila komgudu ngenxa yobudala, nangona kunjalo, ukunyanzeliswa nokucaphukiswa kweentsimbi zesinci ezibangelwa kukugquma okanye disc disc, phakathi kweminye imiba yempilo yomgudu, inokubangela intlungu ye-nerve.

 

 

 

INGXELO EBALULEKILEYO: I-Chiropractor Sciatica Symptoms

 

 

IINKCUKACHA EZINYE Ukhathalelo lweNtlungu kunye noNyango