Ukuqonda iSacrum: Ubume, Isakhiwo, kunye neFusion

"Iingxaki ezahlukeneyo nge-sacrum zenza okanye zinegalelo kwinxalenye enkulu yeengxaki ezisezantsi. Ngaba ukuqonda i-anatomy kunye nomsebenzi kunceda ukuthintela kunye nokunyanga ukwenzakala ngasemva? "

ISacrum

I-sacrum lithambo elimile njengonxantathu ojonge phantsi obekwe kwindawo isiseko somqolo oko kunceda ukuxhasa umzimba ophezulu xa uhleli okanye umile kwaye unikezela ukuguquguquka kwebhanti ye-pelvic ngexesha lokubeleka. Iquka ama-vertebrae amahlanu adibanisa ngexesha lokukhula kwaye adibanise kwi-pelvis. Eli thambo lithatha kwaye linyamezele lonke uxinzelelo lomzimba kunye noxinzelelo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye neentshukumo.

uqeqesho

Abantu bazalwa abane-vertebrae ye-sacral emine ukuya kweyesithandathu. Nangona kunjalo, ukudibanisa akwenzeki kuyo yonke i-sacral vertebrae ngaxeshanye:

• I-Fusion iqala nge-S1 kunye ne-S2.
• Njengoko umntu ekhula, imo yonke ye-sacrum iqala ukuqina, kwaye i-vertebrae idibanisa kwisakhiwo esisodwa.
• Inkqubo idla ngokuqala phakathi kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo kwaye iphele ekuqaleni ukuya phakathi kwiminyaka yamashumi amabini.
• Kukholelwa ukuba iqala kwangoko kwabasetyhini kunamadoda.

Ixesha lokudibanisa lingasetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ubudala kunye nesondo sezinto eziseleyo zamathambo. (ULaura Tobias Gruss, uDaniel Schmitt. et al., 2015)

1. I-sacrum kwibhinqa ibanzi kwaye imfutshane kwaye inomphezulu ogobileyo okanye i-pelvic inlet.
2. I-sacrum yamadoda ide, incinci, kwaye ithambile.

Ulwakhiwo

I-sacrum iyithambo elingaqhelekanga elenza umva / umva wesithathu webhanti ye-pelvic. Kukho umqolo onqumla ngaphambili / inxalenye yangaphambili ye-vertebra ye-S1 eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sacral promontory. Imingxuma emincinci / i-foramen kumacala omabini e-sacrum ishiywe emva kokuba i-vertebrae idibene kunye. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani le-vertebrae, kunokubakho ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu foramen kwicala ngalinye, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ezine. (E. Nastoulis, et al., 2019)

1. I-foramen nganye yangaphambili ibanzi ngokubanzi kune-foramen yangasemva okanye i-dorsal / backside foramen.
2. I-sacral foramina nganye / isininzi se-foramen inika umjelo wemithambo ye-sacral kunye nemithambo yegazi.

• Amagqabantshintshi amancinci aphuhla phakathi kwe-vertebrae nganye edibeneyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yimigca enqamlezayo okanye imigca.
• Umphezulu we-sacrum ubizwa ngokuba sisiseko kwaye uxhunywe kwi-lumbar vertebrae enkulu kunye neyona nto iphantsi - L5.
• Umzantsi uqhagamshelwe kwi tailbone/coccyx, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-apex.
• Umsele we-sacral uvulekile, ugijima ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya kwi-apex, kwaye usebenza njengomjelo ekupheleni kwentambo yomgogodla.
• Amacala e-sacrum adibanisa kwi-hip / iliac amathambo asekunene nasekhohlo. Indawo yokuncamathela yi umphezulu wendlebe.
• Kanye emva komphezulu we-auricular yi I-tuberosity ye-sacral, esebenza njengendawo yokunamathisela kwiigaments ezibambe ibhande le-pelvic kunye.

Indawo

I-sacrum ikwinqanaba lomqolo ongaphantsi, ngaphezu kwe-intergluteal cleft okanye apho iimpundu zihlukana khona. Ukucandeka kuqala kwinqanaba le-tailbone okanye i-coccyx. I-sacrum igobile phambili kwaye iphelela kwi-coccyx, kunye ne-curvature ibonakala ngakumbi kubasetyhini kunamadoda. Idibanisa kwi-L5 i-lumbar vertebra ngendlela ye-lumbosacral joint. I-disc phakathi kwala ma-vertebrae amabini ngumthombo oqhelekileyo weentlungu ezisezantsi.

1. Kumacala omabini e-lumbosacral joint yizakhiwo ezinjengamaphiko ezaziwa ngokuba yi sacral ala, ezidibanisa kumathambo e-iliac kwaye zenze umphezulu we-sacroiliac joint.
2. La maphiko anika uzinzo kunye namandla okuhamba nokuma.

Ukwahluka kweAnatomical

Ukuhluka okuqhelekileyo kwe-anatomical kusebenza kwinani le-vertebrae. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zintlanu, kodwa i-anomalies ibhaliwe, kubandakanywa nabantu abane-sacral vertebrae ezine okanye ezintandathu. (E. Nastoulis, et al., 2019)

• Ezinye iinguqu zibandakanya umphezulu we-sacrum kunye ne-curvature, apho i-curvature ihluke kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.
• Kwezinye iimeko, i-vertebrae yokuqala neyesibini ayifuni kwaye ihlale ichazwe ngokwahlukileyo.
• Ukungaphumeleli komjelo ukuvala ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokubunjwa yimeko eyaziwa ngokuba ispina bifida.

itheko

Izifundo kwi-sacrum ziyaqhubeka, kodwa eminye imisebenzi eqinisekisiweyo ibandakanya:

• Isebenza njengendawo ye-anchor kwikholamu yomgogodla ukuze unamathele kwi-pelvis.
• Inika uzinzo kumbindi womzimba.
• Isebenza njengeqonga lekholamu yomqolo yokuphumla xa uhleli.
• Iququzelela ukuzalwa komntwana, ukubonelela ukuguquguquka kwebhanti ye-pelvic.
• Ixhasa ubunzima bomzimba ophezulu xa uhleli okanye umile.
• Inika uzinzo olongezelelweyo lokuhamba, ukulinganisela, kunye nokuhamba.

Conditions

I-sacrum ingaba ngumthombo oyintloko okanye indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwiintlungu ezisezantsi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-28% yamadoda kunye ne-31.6% yabasetyhini abaneminyaka eyi-18 okanye ngaphezulu baye bafumana intlungu ephantsi kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lweZifo. 2020) Iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu zentlungu ye-sacrum ziquka.

Sacroiliitis

• Le yimeko eqhelekileyo yokuvuvukala okuhlangeneyo kwe-sacroiliac / SI.
• Ugqirha wenza ukuxilongwa kuphela xa zonke ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela intlungu zikhutshwe, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-diagnostic yokungabandakanywa.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Sacroiliac kucatshangelwa ukuba i-akhawunti phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-30% yeentlungu ezisezantsi. (UGuilherme Barros, uLynn McGrath, uMikhail Gelfenbeyn. 2019)

Chordoma

• Olu luhlobo lomhlaza wethambo lokuqala.
• Phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iifom ze-chordomas kwi-sacrum, kodwa izicubu zinokukhula kwenye indawo kwikholamu ye-vertebral okanye kwisiseko sekhanda. (Ithala leencwadi leSizwe loNyango. 2015)

Umqolo Bifida

• Abantu ngabanye banokuzalwa ngeemeko ezichaphazela i-sacrum.
• I-Spina bifida yimeko yokuzalwa enokuthi ivele kwi-malformation ye-sacral canal.

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Ukuvula iiMfihlo zokukrala

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Ucaphulo

Gruss, LT, & Schmitt, D. (2015). I-Evolution ye-pelvis yomntu: ukutshintsha ukulungelelaniswa kwi-bipedalism, obstetrics kunye ne-thermoregulation. Iintengiselwano zefilosofi zeRoyal Society yaseLondon. Uchungechunge B, iSayensi ye-Biological, i-370 (1663), i-20140063. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0063

Nastoulis, E., Karakasi, MV, Pavlidis, P., Thomaidis, V., & Fiska, A. (2019). I-Anatomy kunye nokubaluleka kweklinikhi yeenguqu ze-sacral: ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo. I-Folia morphologica, i-78 (4), i-651-667. doi.org/10.5603/FM.a2019.0040

Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. I-QuickStats: Ipesenti yabantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-18 okanye ngaphezulu ababenentlungu ephantsi kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-3, ngesondo kunye neqela leminyaka.

Barros, G., McGrath, L., & Gelfenbeyn, M. (2019). I-Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction kwizigulane ezineentlungu ezisezantsi. Ugqirha we-Federal : kubasebenzi bezempilo be-VA, i-DoD, kunye ne-PHS, i-36 (8), i-370-375.

IThala leeNcwadi leSizwe loNyango, Chordoma.