Ulwakhiwo kunye nokuSebenza kweMigodi ye-cranial e-El Paso, TX

Iimbilini ze-cranial ziyi-nervo eziphuma ngqo kwiingqondo, kubandakanya i-brainstem, ngokuthelekiswa nemisipha yomgogodla, ephuma kumacandelo omgca womgca. Kuzo, i-10 ephuma kwi-12 yale mizwa ye-cranial evela kwi-brainstem. Iimbilini ze-cranial zidlulisela ulwazi phakathi kwengqondo kunye neengxenye zomzimba womntu, ngokukodwa ukuya kwiindawo zeentloko nentamo.

 

Amagulane omgudu aphuma emthonjeni womgogodla kunye nomlenze womgudu osondeleyo kwintloko (C1) ephuma kwisikhundla esingaphezulu kwe-vertebra yokuqala yomlomo wesibeleko. Iimvumba ze-cranial, nangona kunjalo, ziphuma kwi kwinkqubo yomnatha ngasentla kule ndawo. Iimbumba ze-cranial nganye zibambene kwaye zikhoyo kwicala lobuchopho. Ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso ebantwini, kukho izibini ezilishumi elinesibini, ngamanye amaxesha aneshumi elinesithathu, iimbambo zeembindi ze-nerani, ezinikezelwe ngamanani e-Roma I-XII ukuchonga, ngamanye amaxesha kubandakanywa ne-nerve nerve nero. Ukubalwa kwamathambo e-cranial kusekelwe kumyalelo apho bavela khona ebuchosheni, okanye ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva kwe-brainstem.

 

Iimbilini zegulane, iintsholongwane (I) kunye neenoptic (ii) ze-optic nerve (II) ziphuma kwi-cerebrum, okanye i-forebrain, apho ezinye iimbini ezilishumi zeentsimbi ze-cranial zivela kwi-brainstem, inxalenye engaphantsi kwengqondo. Iimbulunga ze-cranial zibhekwa njengengxenye yenkqubo ye-nervous system (PNS), nangona kwinqanaba lezakhiwo, i-olfactory, i-optic kunye neentlanzi zokuhlala zixutyushwa ngokuchanekileyo inxalenye yenkqubo ye-nervous central (CNS).

 

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu bakholelwa ukuba baneebini ezilishumi elinambini zeentsholongwane ze-cranial (I-XII). Ezi ziquka: i-nerf yolent (I), i-nertic optic (II), i-oculomotor nererve (III), i-nerve trochlear (IV), i-nerglear nerve (V), isusa i-nerve (VI), imbilini yobuso (VII ), i-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), i-glossopharyngeal nererve (IX), i-vagus nerve (X), imbono yokufikelela (XI) kunye ne-hypoglossal nererve (XII). Kusenokuba ne-thirteen cranial nerve, eyaziwa njenge-terminal nererve, okanye i-nerve N okanye i-O, eyinto encinci kwaye inokuthi ingasebenzi okanye ingasebenzi.

 

 

 

Inatomy of the Cranial Nerves

 

Iimbilini ze-cranial zidla ngokuba ngamagama ngokwemiqathango yazo okanye umsebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, i-nerf yoltifact (I) inikezela iphunga, kunye nesibindi somzimba (VII) inikezela ukungena kwemoto ebusweni. Ekubeni isiLatini yayilulwimi oluqhelekileyo lokufunda i-anatomy xa izithambo zibhalwe, zibhalwa kwaye zikhankanywe, amaninzi amaninzi agcina amagama aseGrike okanye eLatini, kuquka ne-trochlear nerve (IV), egama elisekwe kwinqanaba lawo, njengoko linika isistim idibanisa kwi-pulley (isiGrike: trochlea). I-nerve trigeminal (V) ibizwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto zayo ezintathu (isiLatini: i-trigeminus ithetha i-triplets), kunye ne-vagus nerve (X) yaziwa ngenxa yekhondo layo elijikelezayo (isiLatin: i-vagus).

 

Ukongezelela, iimbulunga zentsimbi zibalwa ngokulandela i-rostral-caudal, okanye i-back-back position, xa ijonga ingqondo. Ukuba ingqondo isuswe ngokukhawuleza kwikhanga, iimbilini zibonakala ngokubonakalayo kumyalelo wazo wenani, ngaphandle kwe-nerve yokugqibela, i-CN XII, ebonakala ivela phezulu, ibe yi-CN XI.

 

Iimbulunga ze-cranial zihamba ngaphakathi kwaye zingekho kwintayi. Indlela ephakathi kwekhayi ziyaziwa ngokuthi "iindlela zokungena emzimbeni" kwaye indlela eya ngaphandle kwe-gazi iyaziwa ngokuthi "indlela yokucima i-extracranial". Kukho inani leemingxube ekhanda elibizwa ngokuthi "foramina", apho iimbilini zingaphuma kwi-gaha. Zonke iimbilini ze-cranial zidibene, oku kuthetha ukuba ziyafumaneka kumacala amabini asekunene nangakwesokudla omzimba womntu. Ulusu, izihlunu, okanye omnye umsebenzi owenziwe ngumbindi kwicala elifanayo lomzimba womntu njengoko uhlangothi lwawo luvela khona, lubizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi osebenzayo. Xa umsebenzi ungakolunye uhlangothi ukususela kwimvelaphi yentsholongwane, oku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengomsebenzi wendawo.

 

Indawo yeMigodi yamaNayile

 

Emva kokuphuma ebuchotsheni, imithambo-luvo ye-cranial evela ngaphakathi kukhakhayi kufuneka ishiye esi sakhiwo samathambo ukuze ifike kwindawo eziya kuyo. Uninzi lwemithambo-luvo ye-cranial idlula kwi-foramina, �imingxuma kuKhakhayi, njengoko behamba besiya kwiindawo zabo. Eminye imithambo-luvo idlula kwimisele yamathambo, iindledlana ezinde ezivalwe lithambo. I-foramina kunye nemijelo inokuqulatha ngaphezu kwe-nerve ye-cranial enye, kwaye inokubandakanya imithambo yegazi. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwemithambo-luvo ye-cranial elishumi elinesibini kunye nesishwankathelo esifutshane somsebenzi wabo.

 

• I-nerf ye-olfactory (I), eyenziwe ngamaninzi amancinci amancinci ahlukeneyo, adlula kwiintlobo zecandelo le-platebiform epatheni ye-bone emoyeni. Ezi zifayili ziphela kummandla ophezulu wesigxina kunye nokusebenza ukuxubusha iimvakalelo eziqulethe ulwazi malunga neengqungquthela okanye izivumba ezingqondweni.
• I-nertic optic (II) idlulela kwi-optic foramen kwisithambo se-sphenoid ukuze ifikelele kwiso. Ikwazisa ulwazi olubonakalayo kwingqondo.
• I-oculomotor nererve (III), isifo se-trochlear (IV), isusa i-nerve (VI) kunye nokwahlukana kwesifo se-nerginal nerve (V1) ngohambo lwe-caverous to the . Ezi ntsholongwane zilawula izihlunu ezincinci ezithatha iso kwaye zinika ukugcinwa kwenyameko kweso kunye nokujikeleza.
• Ulwahlulo lwama-maxillary lwe-nerve trigeminal (V2) ludlulela kwi-foramen rotundum kwithambo le-sphenoid ukubonelela isikhumba esiphakathi kobuso.
• Isebe le-mandibular ye-triginal nervous (V3) ihamba nge-oamle ye-foramen yesithambo se-sphenoid ukubonelela ubuso obungaphantsi ngobungqina bokungabonakali. Le nerve ibuye isondele kuyo yonke imisipha elawula ukuhlafuna.
• I-nerve ye-facial (VII) kunye ne-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) zombini igalelo lomngcipheko wangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwethambo lexesha. I-nerve facial subsequently extends to the side of face using the stylomastoid foramen, kwakhona kwithambo lexeshana. Iimbombo zayo zihambisa ukulawula nokufikelela kuzo zonke izihlunu eziphethe ubuso. I-vestibulocochlear nererve ifinyelela kwizitho ezilawula ukulingana nokuvalelwa kwithambo lexeshana, kwaye ngoko alifikeli kwindawo engaphandle yeckull.
• I-glossopharyngeal (IX), i-vagus nerve (X) kunye ne-nerve ye-accessory (XI) zonke ezivela kwi-gace nge-jamular foramen ukungena entanyeni. I-glossopharyngeal nererve ihlinzekela ukungena kwi-throat ephezulu nasemva kolwimi, i-vagus nererve inikeza ukugcinwa kwemisipha kwi-voicebox, kwaye iyaqhubeka ukubonelela nge-parasympathetic innervation kwisifuba nesisu. I-nerve access access control trapezius kunye ne-sternocleidomastoid imisipha entanyeni nasemagxeni.
• Inzwa ye-hypoglossal (XII) iphuma kwikhalayi isebenzisa isalathiso se-hypoglossal kwisithambo se-occipital iphinde ifinyelele ulwimi ukulawula zonke izihlunu ezibandakanyekayo ekuhambeni kweli candelo.

 

 

Umsebenzi weMigodi yeCranial

 

Iimbilini ze-cranial zinikezela ukugcina indawo yokuhamba kunye neengqondo ngokukhethekileyo kwizakhiwo ezifunyenwe entanyeni nasentloko. Ubungqina bokungabonakaliyo buqulethele "imiba" efana neqondo lokushisa kunye nokuthintela, kunye nokulondolozwa "ngokukhethekileyo", njengokunambitheka, umbono, iphunga, ukulinganisela nokuva. Ngokomzekelo, i-vagus nerve (X) inika amandla kunye nokuzimela, okanye i-parasympathetic, ukuhamba ngezimoto kwizakhiwo entanyeni nakwamalungu amaninzi esifubeni nasesisu. Ngezantsi, siza kuxubusha umsebenzi weentsholongwane nganye ze-cranial kwiinkcukacha ezingakumbi.

 

Ukuthunga (I)

 

I-nerfactory nerve (I) ixoxisana nomoya wokuvumba. Umonakalo kwiimbilini (I) kunokubangela ukukwazi ukuvumba, okubizwa ngokuba yi-anosmia, ukuphazamiseka ngephunga lomlilo, obizwa ngokuba yi-parosmia, okanye ukuphazamiseka okanye ukungabikho kwamnandi. Xa kukho ukutshitshiswa kwenguqu yentsholongwane, zonke iinkuni zivavanywa ngamacandelo evumba elisiwayo, njengekhofi okanye isepha. Iikhemikhali eziphosa ngokunyanisekileyo, ezifana ne-ammonia, zingakhokelela ekusebenziseni iintlungu zamathofu, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-nociceptors, zentlanzi ye-trigeminal ehlala kwisigxina somnxeba, ekugqibeleni ukuphazamisa ukuvavanya.

 

Umbono (II)

 

I-nertic optic (II) idibanisa ulwazi olubonakalayo. Ukulimala kwimbilini ye-optic (II) kuthintela imimandla ethile yombono esekelwe kwingingqi yesilonda. Umntu akanako ukugcina izinto kwicala lasekhohlo okanye langakwesokudla, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hemianopsia, okanye nokuba nobunzima bokubona izinto kwiindawo ezibonakalayo zangaphandle, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bitemoral hemianopsia, ukuba i-optic chiasm ifakiwe. Umbono unokuhlaziywa ngokuphononongwa kwintsimi ebonakalayo, okanye ngokuhlaziya i-retina kunye ne-ophthalmoscope, ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-funduscopy. Ukuhlolwa kwintsimi yokubonakalayo kungaqeshiselwa ukunyuka kwezilonda zesakhiwo kwi-nertic optic, okanye uqhubeke kunye neendlela ezibonakalayo.

 

I-Eye Movement (III, IV, VI)

 

I-oculomotor nererve (III), i-trochlear nerve (IV) kunye ne-abducens nerve (VI) idibanisa ukunyuka kwamehlo. Ukulimala kwemivilini III, IV, okanye VI kunokuchaphazela ukunyakaza kweglabhu ye-eyeball. Enye okanye zombini amehlo angatshintshwa; Kwimeko apho, umbono ombini, obizwa ngokuba yi-diplopia, kuya kwenzeka ukuba ukunyuka kwamehlo akusekho ukuvumelanisa. Iigulane III, IV ne-VI zivavanywa ngokuqwalasela indlela iliso elilandela ngayo into echaziweyo. Le nto ingaba ngumnwe okanye kwipini, kwaye iyakususwa kwiindlela eziliqela ukuvavanya ukulandelelana. Ukuba amehlo asebenzisani kunye, iyona nto ibangela ingozi kwi-nerve ethile ye-cranial okanye i-nuclei yayo.

 

Ukulimala kwi-oculomotor nererve (III) kunokukhokelela kwimibono emibini, okanye i-diplopia, kunye nokungakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwamehlo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-strabismus, kunye ne-eyelid drooping, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ptosis, kunye ne-dildus, okanye i-mydriasis. Izilonda nazo zingakhokelela ekuthineni ukuvula iso ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwesisundu somlenze we-palpebrae. Abantu abaphethwe siswini kwi-oculomotor nerve bangahlawula ngokuxhoma iintloko zabo ukuze banciphise iimpawu ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwesinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezilwanyana zeso.

 

Ukulimala kwimbilini ye-trochlear (IV) kunokubangela ukuba i-diplopia nayo yonke iliso likhutshwe kwaye liphakanyiswe. Isiphumo siya kuba yinto engakwazi ukuhamba phantsi ngokufanelekileyo, ngokukodwa phantsi xa ikhona ngaphakathi. Esi sisiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwisisundu esiphezulu se-oblique, esilungelelwa yi-trochlear nererve.

 

Ukulimala ekunciphiseni i-nerve (VI) kungaphumelela kwi-diplopia Oku kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwi-muscle ye-rectus muscle, engabonakaliswa yintlungu.

 

I-nerve trigeminal (V)

 

I-nerve trigeminal (V) yenziwe ngamalungu amathathu ahlukeneyo: I-ophthalmic (V1), i-maxillary (V2), kunye ne-Mandibular (V3). Xa zihlanganisiwe, ezi zinzwa zibonelela ngesikhumba ebusweni kwaye zilawula kwakhona izihlunu zokutyunjwa, okanye ukuhlafuna. Iimeko ezichaphazela i-nerve trigeminal (V) zibandakanya, i-neuralgia ye-trigeminal, i-cluster headaches, ne-tristerinal zoster. I-neuralgia ye-Trigeminal ingenzeka kamva, ukusuka kwiminyaka ephakathi ukuya phambili, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweminyaka yobudala be-60, kwaye yimeko ehambelana kakhulu nentlungu enamandla kakhulu eyenza phezu kwendawo engabhalwa yi-maxillary okanye i-mandibular-blood divisions (V2 kunye neV3).

 

Uboniso buso (VII)

 

Izilonda zesibindi somzimba (VII) zingabonakala njengephene. Yilapho umntu engakwazi ukuhambisa izihlunu kwenye okanye kumacala omabili ebuso. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhubazeka kweso sithuba kuthiwa yi-Bell yokukhubazeka. I-Bell's Palsy ngumphumo wokuphela kwe-idiopathic (isizathu esingaziwa), unilateral ye-motor neuron lesion ye-facial nerve kwaye ibonakaliswe ukungakwazi ukuhambisa i-muscle ye-facial expression of expression, kubandakanya ukuphakama kweshiya kunye nokuxhoma kwebunzi labo. Izigulane ezinokukhubazeka kweBell zihlala ziba nomlomo otyhaphazelayo kwicala elichaphazelekayo kwaye zihlala zifumana ubunzima bokuhlafuna ekubeni isistim se-buccinator sichaphazelekayo. Ukukhubazeka kweBell kwenzeka ngokungafanekiyo, kuthintela malunga ne-40,000 yaseMerika ngonyaka. Ukukhubazeka komzimba kungabangelwa ezinye iimeko kuquka ukubetha. Iimeko ezinxulumene ne-Bell's Palsy ngezinye izihlandlo zingabonakali njenge-Bell's Palsy. I-Bell's Palsy yimeko yesikhashana idla iinyanga ezili-2-6, kodwa ingaba neziphumo ezitshintsha ubomi kwaye ihlale ihlala ihlala rhoqo. Izibetho ziba nefuthe kwi-nerve ye-cranial ngokunqumla ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwiimbilini ngaphakathi kwengqondo ebonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba le ntsho ikhona kunye neempawu ezifanayo.

 

Ukuva nokuLingana (VIII)

 

I-vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) ihlula kwi-vestibular ne-cochlear. Ummandla we-vestibula ulawulwa ngamathambo kunye ne-canal semicircular of ear ear; esi sakhiwo sithetha ulwazi malunga nokulingana, kwaye liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-vestibuloocular reflex, egcina ingqondo igxilile kwaye ivumela amehlo ukuba alandele izinto ezihambayo. I-nerch coarlear idibanisa idatha kwi-cochlea, ivumela ukuba isandi sive. Ukuba unobungozi, i-vestibular nerve ingabonakalisa ukuvakalelwa kunye nokutywaba. Umsebenzi we-vestibular nerve uhlaziywa ngokubeka amanzi afudumele kunye abandayo ezindlebeni kunye nokubukela isohloko lokuvuselela i-caloric. Umonakalo kwi-vestibulocochlear nerve ingabonakala njengento yokuphindaphinda kwaye ingabonakaliyo yamehlo, echazwe ngaphambili njenge-nystagmus, ngokukodwa xa ekhangele kwinqwelo ejikelezayo. Ukulimala kwintlanzi ye-cochlear kungabangela ukukhetha okanye ukugqiba isithulu ezindlebeni ezichaphazelekayo.

 

I-Oral Sensation, i-Taste, ne-Salivation (IX)

 

I-glossopharyngeal nererve (IX) ingabonakali i-stylopharyngeus muscle kwaye ihlinzekela ukugcinwa kwengqondo kwi-oropharynx nasemva kolwimi. I-glossopharyngeal nererve yongezelela ukuba i-parasympathetic innervation kwi-parotid gland. Ukungabikho kwe-unagateral ye-gag reflex ibonisa isilonda se-glossopharyngeal nererve (IX), kwaye mhlawumbi i-vagus nerve (X).

 

I-Vagus Nerve (X)

 

Ukuncitshiswa komsebenzi we-vagus nerve (X) kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukugcinwa kwamathambo ngokusesikweni kwinqanaba eliphezulu lezakhiwo. Imiphumo ebalulekileyo yomonakalo kwi-vagus nerve ingabandakanya ukunyuka kwexinzelelo lwegazi kunye nenani lentliziyo. Ukungasebenzi kwe-vagus ye-vagus iyinto engavumelekanga, kodwa kunokufunyanwa ngezwi elikhunileyo, ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwamagatsha awo, i-laryngeal nererve. Ukulimala kule ntsho kungabangela ubunzima bokugwinya.

 

Ukuphakanyiswa kwamagxa kunye neNtloko-Ukuguquka (XI)

 

Umonakalo kwi-nerve ye-accessory (XI) inokukhokelela ekutheni unobuthakathaka obuthathaka kwi-trapezius muscle. Oku kunokuvavanywa ngokucela isigulane ukuba sikhulise amahlombe abo okanye siphume, apho ihlombe, okanye i-scapula, iya kubonakala kwindawo ephiko. Ukongezelela, ukuba i-nerve yonakaliswe, ubuthathaka okanye ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa isi-scapula inokuba khona ngenxa yokuba isisipha se-scapulae esiswini sinokukwazi ukubonelela lo msebenzi. Ngokusekelwe kwindawo yesikhumba, kunokuba nobuthathaka ngaphakathi kwimizimba ye-sternocleidomastoid, okwenza oko kuguqula intloko ukwenzela ukuba ubuso bubhekisele kwelinye icala.

 

Uluhlu lweelwimi (XII)

 

I-nerve ye-hypoglossal (XII) iyingqayizivele kwinto yokuba ingabonakaliyo kwiimoto zengxowankulu zombini i-hemispheres yengqondo. Ukulimala kwimbilini kwiqondo eliphantsi le-neuron lingenza i-fasciculations okanye i-atrophy yemisipha yolwimi. Ngamanye amaxesha ukutshintshwa kweelwimi kuthiwa kubonakala ngathi "isikhwama sezibungu". Umonakalo ophezulu we-neuron awuyi kubangela i-atrophy okanye i-fasciculations, kodwa kuphela ubuthathaka bobuhlungu obungenasiphelo. Xa iimbilini zonakaliswe, kuya kubangela ubuthathaka bokunyusa ulwimi ngolunye icala. Xa lonakalisiwe kwaye lwandisiwe, ulwimi luya kwinqanaba elibuthathaka okanye elonakalisiweyo, njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso.

 

U-Dr. Alex Jimenez's Insights

Iimbilini ze-cranial ziyi-12 neentsholongwane ezivela ngqo kwingqondo. Iimbuliso ezimbini zokuqala, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-nerf yoltery kunye ne-optic nervous, ziphuma kwi-cerebellum, apho iisisigxina ezilishumi ezisele zisuka ebuchosheni. Amagama ezinzwa ze-cranial zixubene ngokuthe ngqo kumsebenzi wazo kwaye zichongiwe ngenani lamanani e-roman I-XII ngendawo yabo ethile yengqondo kunye nomyalelo apho baphuma khona kwikrebhane. Ukulimala kunoma yiphina iisondlo ezikhankanywe ngasentla kunokubangela ukuba imiba yempilo ibandakanyeke kwisakhiwo esithile kunye nomsebenzi wentsholongwane nganye. Imiqondiso kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo kule mimandla kunokunceda abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuba bachonge iintsholongwane ezichaphazelekayo.

 

Ubungakanani beenkcukacha zethu zikhawulelwe kwi-chiropractic kunye nokulimala kwemigudu kunye nemeko. Ukuxoxa ngesihloko, nceda ukhululeke ukucela uDkt Jimenez okanye uqhagamshelane nathi 915-850-0900 .

 

Ikhutshwe nguDkt. Alex Jimenez

 

 

Imixholo eyongezelelweyo: iSciatica

Sciatica kuthethwa ngokuzonyango njengemqoqo yeempawu, kunokuba yingozi kunye / okanye imeko. Iimpawu zentlungu ye-ncium, okanye i-sciatica, inokuthi ihluke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nobukhulu, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwe ngokukhawuleza, ebukhali (injenge-like) okanye intlungu yomsakazo ephuma kwi-low-down back downs, emagqabini, emathangeni kunye imilenze inyawo. Ezinye iimpawu ze-sciatica zingabandakanya, ukutshitshiswa okanye ukutshisa, ukugubungela kunye nobuthathaka kunye nobude beentsimbi ze-sciatic. I-Sciatica ihlala ichaphazela abantu phakathi kweminyaka eyi-30 kunye ne-50 iminyaka. Kungasoloko kuphuhliswa ngenxa yesantya sokusila komgudu ngenxa yobudala, nangona kunjalo, ukunyanzeliswa nokucaphukiswa kweentsimbi zesinci ezibangelwa kukugquma okanye disc disc, phakathi kweminye imiba yempilo yomgudu, inokubangela intlungu ye-nerve.

 

 

 

INGXELO EBALULEKILEYO: I-Chiropractor Sciatica Symptoms

 

 

IINKCUKACHA EZINYE Ukhathalelo lweNtlungu kunye noNyango