Iiseli ezihlaziyiweyo: Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi

Abantu abajongene neemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifo kunye nophando oluqhubekayo lokufumana unyango, iiseli zokuhlaziya umntu zivela phi?

Iiseli ezivuselelayo

Ukuhlaziya iiseli zii-stem cells ezikhethekileyo ukuba zibenakho ukuphuhla zibe ziintlobo ezininzi zeeseli. Azifani nayo nayiphi na iseli kuba:

• Ekubeni bengabalulekanga abanamsebenzi othile emzimbeni.
• Banokuba ziiseli ezikhethekileyo ezifana - ingqondo, izihlunu kunye neeseli zegazi.
• Banokwahlula kwaye bahlaziye ngokuqhubekayo ixesha elide.
• Iiseli zegazi okwangoku kuphela kohlobo olusetyenziswa rhoqo kunyango.
• Kwi-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma, iiseli zabantu abadala kuphela zisetyenziselwa inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow transplant. (Iklinikhi yaseCleveland. 2023)
• Kuphando lweeseli ezivuselelayo, iiseli zinokuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa abanikeli abadala, iiseli zomntu eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza, okanye iimbumba.

UTyalo lomongo wethambo

• Iiseli zomongo wethambo zivelisa zonke iiseli zegazi zomzimba, kuquka igazi elibomvu nelimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets.
• Iiseli ze-Hematopoietic stem zezo zifumaneka kumongo wethambo ongumzali weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli.
• Iiseli zeHematopoietic zitshintshwa kubantu abanomhlaza ukuze bazalise umongo wethambo.
• Inkqubo isoloko isetyenziswa ngexesha le-chemotherapy ephezulu etshabalalisa iiseli ezikhoyo kumongo wethambo.
• Iiseli ze-stem ezinikezelweyo zitofwa kwi-vein kwaye zihlale kumongo wethambo apho ziqala ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezintsha eziphilileyo. (Iklinikhi yaseCleveland. 2023)

I-Peripheral Blood Transplants

• Ngexesha elithile ekuphela komthombo wokukhupha iiseli ze-hematopoietic kumongo wethambo.
• Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba uninzi lwezi seli zazijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo egazini.
• Izazinzulu zafunda indlela yokukhupha iiseli egazini zize zifakelwe ngokungqalileyo.
• Olu hlobo lofakelo lu a iperipheral blood stem cell transplant/PBSCT kwaye iye yaba yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo, nangona kunjalo, zombini ezi ndlela zisasetyenziswa. (Iklinikhi yaseCleveland. 2023)
• I-PBSCT ayihlaseli kancinci kwaye ayifuni ukususwa komongo kwithambo le-hip.

Iiseli zeSomatic

• Iiseli ze-stem zabantu abadala zibizwa ngokuba yi-somatic kwaye zifunyanwa kumnikeli.
• Iiseli ze-Hematopoietic zezona ziyaziwa ngokubanzi.
• Ngophando oluqhubekayo, izazinzulu zifumene iiseli ze-somatic kwiithishu ezininzi ezibandakanya: (Amaziko eSizwe ezeMpilo. 2016)
• ulusu
• amazinyo
• ingqondo
• intliziyo
• Amathumbu (UStacy R. Finkbeiner, uJason R. Spence. 2013)
• Ibindi
• Isihlunu samathambo
• Iiseli ze-Ovarian
• Amatyhalarha

Iiseli Embryonic

Iiseli ze-embryonic stem zaqala ukukhuliswa kwilabhoratri ngo-1998 kuphando lwenzala, nto leyo eyadala impikiswano ngenxa yokuba zakhutshwa kwiimbumba zabantu ezatshatyalaliswayo okanye zavunwa kwisayensi. Namhlanje usetyenziso lwazo oluphambili kuphando kunyango kunye nonyango olunokubakho:

• Ubumfama (Shomoukh Al-Shamekh, Jeffrey L Goldberg. 2014)
• Ukulimala kwentambo yomgca
• Cancers
• Parkinson
• Iswekile yabaselula
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza ye-immune system

Iiseli ze-Embryonic zi-pluripotent, oku kuthetha ukuba zinokukhula zibe ziintlobo ezintathu ze iiseli zentsholongwane-iectoderm, i-mesoderm, kunye ne-endoderm – ezenza umzimba womntu kwaye inokukhula ibe yintlobo nganye yeeseli ezingaphezu kwama-200. (Amaziko eSizwe ezeMpilo. 2016)

Iiseli zePluripotent ezenziwe

• Iiseli ze-pluripotent stem cell/iPSCs zi-somatic cells eziye zahlelwa ngokutsha ukuze ziziphathe njengeeseli ze-embryonic.
• Ii-iPSC zihlala zilusu okanye iiseli zegazi ezenza inkqubo yofuzo. (UPavel Simara, uJason A Motl, uDan S Kaufman. 2013)
• Ii-iPSC zaqala ukwenziwa ngo-2006.
• Inzuzo enkulu ye-iPSCs ngaphezu kweeseli ze-somatic kunye ne-embryonic kukuba i-iPSCs inokuveliswa ukuze ihambelane nesigulane.
• Oku kuthetha ukuba ilabhoratri iyakwazi ukwenza iiseli ngeeseli okanye izicubu zomntu.

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Ukwenzakala koMnqongo kwiimbaleki

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Ucaphulo

Ikliniki yaseCleveland. UkuTyelwa kweSeli yeSikhondo (UTshintsho lomongo wethambo).

Amaziko eSizwe wezeMpilo. Iziseko zeStem Cell.

Simara, P., Motl, JA, & Kaufman, DS (2013). Iiseli ze-Pluripotent stem kunye nonyango lwemfuza. Uphando loguqulo : ijenali yebhubhoratri kunye neyeza zonyango, i-161 (4), i-284-292. doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2013.01.001

Finkbeiner, SR, & Spence, JR (2013). Umsebenzi we-gutsy: ukuvelisa izihlunu zamathumbu kwiiseli ze-pluripotent stem. Izifo zokugaya kunye nesayensi, i-58 (5), i-1176-1184. doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2620-2

Al-Shamekh, S., & Goldberg, JL (2014). Ukulungiswa kwe-retinal kunye neeseli ze-stem ezenziwe nge-pluripotent. Uphando loguqulo : ijenali yelebhu kunye neyeza zonyango, i-163 (4), 377-386. doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2013.11.002