Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya: Iklinikhi yoBuyelo lweyeza eliSebenzayo

Umzimba ufuna ukutya okuphehla amafutha, amandla, ukukhula nokulungisa. Inkqubo yokwetyisa iqhekeza ukutya kube yindlela umzimba onokufunxa ngayo kwaye usebenzise amafutha. Ukutya okuqhekekileyo kungena egazini ukusuka emathunjini amancinci, kwaye izondlo zithwalwa kwiiseli kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukuqonda indlela amalungu asebenza ngayo kunye nokugaya ukutya kunokunceda ngeenjongo zempilo kunye nempilo yonke.

Inkqubo yokwetyisa

Amalungu enkqubo yokwetyisa zezi zilandelayo:

• umlomo
• I-Esophagus
• Isisu
• Pancreas
• Ibindi
• Gallbladder
• Ndibonise uthando
• Amathumbu amakhulu
• I-Anus

Inkqubo yokwetyisa iqala ngokulindela ukutya, ivuselela amadlala emlonyeni ukuba avelise amathe. Imisebenzi ephambili yesixokelelwano sokwetyisa ibandakanya:

• Ukuxuba ukutya
• Ukuhambisa ukutya ngomgudu wokwetyisa – i-peristalsis
• Ukuqhekeka kweekhemikhali zokutya kube zizinto ezincinci ezifunxayo.

Inkqubo yokwetyisa iguqula ukutya kube yeyona ndlela ilula, equka:

• IGlucose - iswekile
• Amino acids - iprotheni
• Amafutha acids - amafutha

Ukwetyisa okufanelekileyo kukhupha izondlo zokutya kunye nolwelo ukugcina impilo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Izakha mzimba ziquka:

• I-carbohydrate
• Iiprotheni
• Amafutha
• iivithamini
• izimbiwa
• amanzi

Umlomo kunye nommizo

• Ukutya kucolwa ngamazinyo kwaye kumanziswe ngamathe ukuze ukuginye lula.
• Kwakhona amathe aneenzayim ekhethekileyo yemichiza eqalisa ukwahlula iicarbohydrates zibe yiswekile.
• Ukucutheka kwemisipha yommizo kuphulula ukutya ukuya esiswini.

Isisu

• Ukutya kudlula ngendandatho encinci yezihlunu ukuya esiswini.
• Ixutywa neekhemikhali zesisu.
• Isisu siyakrazula ukutya ukuze sikuqhekeze ngakumbi.
• Ukutya ke kucinezelwe kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci, i i-duodenum.

Ndibonise uthando

• Kanye kwi-duodenum, ukutya kuxutywa kunye ne-enzymes yokugaya ngakumbi evela kwi-pancreas kunye inyongo ukusuka esibindini.
• Ukutya kudlula kwiindawo ezisezantsi zamathumbu amancinci, abizwa ngokuba yi ijejunum kwaye i ileum.
• Izondlo zifunxwa kwi-ileum, zifakwe kwizigidi ze-villi okanye iminwe efana nentambo eyenza ukuba kube lula ukufunxa.
• I-villus nganye iqhagamshelwe kwi-mesh ye iicapillaries, yindlela izondlo ezifunxwa ngayo egazini.

Pancreas

• I-pancreas lelinye lamadlala amakhulu.
• Ikhupha iijusi zokwetyisa kunye nehomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin.
• I-insulin inceda ukulawula umthamo weswekile egazini.
• Iingxaki ngokuveliswa kwe-insulin kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile.

Ibindi

Isibindi sineendima ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya:

• Ukuqhawula amanqatha usebenzisa i-bile egcinwe kwi-gallbladder.
• Iiprotheni kunye neecarbohydrates.
• Izihluzi kunye neenkqubo zokungcola, amayeza, kunye neetyhefu.
• Ivelisa iswekile yamandla exeshana elifutshane kwiikhompawundi ezifana nelactate kunye neeamino acids.

Amathumbu amaninzi

• I-reservoir enkulu yee-microbes kunye neebhaktheriya eziphilileyo zihlala emathunjini amakhulu kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugayweni okunempilo.
• Emva kokuba izondlo zifunnyiwe, inkunkuma idluliselwa kumathumbu amakhulu okanye emathunjini.
• Amanzi ayasuswa, kwaye inkunkuma igcinwa kwi-rectum.
• Emva koko ikhutshwa emzimbeni ngombhobho.

Ukutya kweMpilo yeNkqubo yokugaya

Iindlela zokugcina inkqubo yokwetyisa kunye nenkqubo yokugaya isempilweni ziquka:

Sela Amanzi Ngakumbi

• Amanzi anceda ukuba ukutya kuhambe ngokulula kwindlela yokwetyisa.
• Izixa eziphantsi zamanzi / ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zizinto eziqhelekileyo zokuqunjelwa.

Yongeza iFayibha Engakumbi

• Ifayibha iluncedo ekutyiseni kwaye inceda ngokuhambisa amathumbu rhoqo.
• Dibanisa zombini ifayibha enyibilikayo nenganyibilikiyo.
• Ifayibha enyibilikayo inyibilika emanzini.
• Njengoko ifayibha enyibilikayo inyibilika, yenza ijeli enokuphucula ukwetyisa.
• Ifiber enyibilikayo inokunciphisa i-cholesterol yegazi kunye neswekile.
• Inceda umzimba wakho ukuba uphucule ulawulo lwe-glucose yegazi, enokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wesifo seswekile.
• Ifayibha engenakunyibilika ayinyibiliki emanzini.
• Ifayibha enganyibilikiyo itsala amanzi kwisitulo, isenza ukuba ithambe kwaye kube lula ukudlula ngaphandle koxinzelelo oluncinci kwizibilini.
• Ifiber enganyibilikiyo inokunceda ekukhuthazeni impilo yamathumbu kunye nokuqheleka kwaye ixhasa uvakalelo lwe-insulin olunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile.

Isondlo esilungeleleneyo

• Yitya iziqhamo nemifuno yonke imihla.
• Khetha iinkozo ezipheleleyo ngaphezu kweenkozo ezigayiweyo.
• Kuphephe ukutya okucutshungulwayo ngokubanzi.
• Khetha iinkukhu kunye neentlanzi ngaphezu kwenyama ebomvu kwaye unciphise inyama esetyenzisiweyo.
• Yehlisa iswekile.

Ukutya ukutya okuneProbiotics okanye Sebenzisa iiProbiotic Supplements

• Iiprobiotics ziibhaktheriya eziphilileyo ezinceda ukulwa neebhaktheriya ezingenampilo emathunjini.
• Zikwavelisa izinto ezisempilweni ezondla amathumbu.
• Sebenzisa iiprobiotics emva kokuthatha i-antibiotics ehlala ibulala zonke iibhaktheriya emathunjini.

Yitya Ngengqondo kwaye Uhlafune Ukutya Kancinci

• Ukuhlafuna ukutya ngokucokisekileyo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba unamathe awoneleyo okwetyisa.
• Ukuhlafuna ngokucokisekileyo ukutya kwenza kube lula ukufunxa isondlo.
• Ukutya kancinci inika umzimba ixesha lokwetyisa ngokucokisekileyo.
• Ikwavumela umzimba ukuba uthumele iimpawu zokuba igcwele.

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Isebenza njani inkqubo yokugaya ukutya

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Ucaphulo

GREENGARD, H. “Inkqubo yokwetyisa.” Uphononongo lonyaka lwefiziyoloji vol. 9 (1947): 191-224. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.09.030147.001203

Hoyle, T. "Inkqubo yokwetyisa: ingcamango edibanisayo kunye nokusebenza." Ijenali yaseBritane yobunesi (Mark Allen Publishing) vol. 6,22 (1997): 1285-91. doi:10.12968/bjon.1997.6.22.1285

www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/biology-of-the-digestive-system/overview-of-the-digestive-system

www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works

Martinsen, uTom C et al. "I-Phylogeny kunye neBiological Function yeGastric Juice-Microbiological Consequences yokususa iGastric Acid." Ijenali yamazwe ngamazwe yenzululwazi yeemolekyuli vol. 20,23 6031. 29 Nov. 2019, doi:10.3390/ijms20236031

URamsay, uPhilip T, kunye noAaron Carr. "I-asidi yesisu kunye ne-digestive physiology." Iiklinikhi zoTyando zaseMntla Melika vol. 91,5 (2011): 977-82. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2011.06.010