Ukuvutha kwe-Neurogenic, okanye i-NI, yinkqubo yomzimba apho abalamli baxoshwa ngokukhawuleza kwiimiti ezinqamlekileyo ukuqala impendulo yokuvukela. Oku kudala ekudalweni kweendawo zokuvuvukala zendawo, kubandakanywa, i-erythema, ukukhukhumeza, ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa, ukunyamezela, kunye nentlungu. I-F-fibers engabonakaliyo engabonakaliyo, ephendula ngokunyanzeliswa kwamandla kunye nokukhushulwa kwamakhemikhali aphantsi, ngokuyininzi ixanduva lokukhutshwa kwabalamlamli abavuthayo.

 

Xa ivuselelwe, le mizila yeembilini kwiimvumba ezinqamlekileyo zikhulula i-neuropeptides enamandla, okanye i-P kunye ne-calcitonin ye-peptide echaphazelekayo yegene (CGRP), ngokukhawuleza ibe yi-microenvironment, ibangela uchungechunge lweempendulo ezivuthayo. Kukho ulwahlulo oluphawulekayo ekuvukeleni kwe-immunogenic, oko kukuqala okokukhusela nokuziphendulela okwenziwa ngumzimba wokhuseleko xa umzimba ufika emzimbeni, kanti ukuvuvukala kwe-neurogenic kubandakanya ukuxhamla ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwenkqubo ye-nervous and response responses. Nangona ukuvuvukala kwe-neurogenic kunye nokuvuvukala kwe-immunologic kungafumaneka ngokufanayo, ezo zimbini aziyikliniki engaqondakaliyo. Injongo yale nqaku apha ngasentla kukuxubusha indlela yokuvuvukala kwe-neurogenic kunye nenxaxheba yenkqubo ye-nervous role in the defense defense and immunopathology.

 

Ukudumba kwe-Neurogenic Inkqubo yePeripheral yeNervous's Indima kuKhuselo loMkhosi kunye ne-Immunopathology

 

Abstract

 

Iinkqubo ze-nervous and immune systems zithathwa ngokuba zikhonza imisebenzi ehlukeneyo. Lo mgca, nangona kunjalo, ukwanda ngokugqithiseleyo ngongoma olutsha kwi-inflammation ye-neurogenic. I-nociceptor neurons inayo ininzi yemimoya eyaziwayo yamangqamuzana engozi njengamajoni omzimba kwaye ekuphenduleni ingozi, inkqubo ye-nervous system ihambelana ngqo ne-immune system, eyenza inkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela. Inethiwekhi yendawo yokugcinwa kweentambo ezinomsoco kunye nokuzimela kwimizimba yechungechunge kunye nesantya esiphezulu se-neural transduction ivumela ukuthotyelwa kwe-neurogenic ye-neurogenic ngokukhawuleza. I-neurons yamapheripha ibonakala idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni ngokungafihlisiyo komzimba kwiimpawu ezizimelayo kunye nezifo. Ngako oko, ukuqonda ukusebenzisana okudibeneyo kwe-neurons ye-pipiloni ngamaseli omzimba kunokuqhubela phambili iindlela zokwelapha ukwandisa ukukhusela umkhosi kunye nokukhusela i-immunopathology.

 

intshayelelo

 

Iminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo, uCelsus wachaza ukudumba njengokubandakanya iimpawu ezine zekhadinali- i-Dolor (iintlungu), iCalor (ubushushu), iRubor (ububomvu), kunye neTumor (ukudumba), umbono obonisa ukuba ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yeemvakalelo kwamkelwa njengokubalulekileyo ukudumba. Nangona kunjalo, iintlungu ziye zacatshangelwa ikakhulu ukusukela ngoko, kuphela njengempawu, hayi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisizukulwana sokudumba. Kule meko, sibonisa ukuba inkqubo yemithambo-luvo idlala indima ethe ngqo kwaye ikhutheleyo ekumodareyiseni ukungazinzi okungaphakathi kunye nokuziqhelanisa, ukuze amajoni omzimba kunye neenkqubo zemithambo-luvo zibenomsebenzi ofanayo wokukhusela ekuzikhuseleni nasekuphenduleni ukwenzakala kwethishu, entsonkothileyo. Unxibelelwano olunokukhokelela kwi-pathology kwizifo ezaliwa kunye nezifo ezenzekelayo.

 

Ukusinda kwezinto eziphilayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhono sokukhusela ukuzikhusela kwingozi yamathambo nakusulelo. Ukhuselo lomkhosi lubandakanya zombini indlela yokuziphatha yokuphepha ukususa unxibelelwano nendawo enobungozi (enobungozi) (umsebenzi we-neural), kunye nokungathathi cala ekusebenzeni kweentsholongwane (ukusebenza komzimba). Ngokwesiko, indima yamajoni omzimba ekulweni ii-arhente ezosulelayo kunye nokulungisa ukwenzakala komzimba iye yathathelwa ingqalelo yahlukile kuleyo yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ehambisa imiqondiso eyonakalisayo yokusingqongileyo nangaphakathi kwimisebenzi yombane ukuvelisa imvakalelo kunye nengqondo (Ikhiwane. 1). Siphakamisa ukuba ezi nkqubo zimbini ziyinxalenye yendlela yokukhusela emanyeneyo. Inkqubo ye-somatosensory system ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ibone ingozi. Okokuqala, zonke izicubu ezivezwe kakhulu kwindalo engaphandle, ezinjengeendawo ze-epithelial zolusu, imiphunga, indawo yokuchama kunye nokugaya ukutya, azinabunzulu buchukunyiswa zii-nociceptors, umqobo ophezulu ovelisa iintlungu zemvakalelo. Okwesibini, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezothusayo zangaphandle phantse kube kwangoko, ii-odolo zobungangamsha kunokukhawulezisa amajoni omzimba angaphakathi, kwaye ngenxa yoko ingangowokuqala 'ukuphendula' kukhuseleko lomkhosi.

 

 

Ukongeza kwigalelo le-orthodromic kwintambo yomqolo kunye nengqondo evela kumda, isenzo esinokubakho kwii-nociceptor neurons zinokudluliselwa ngokuchaseneyo kumacandelo amasebe abuyela ezantsi kumda, i-axon reflex. Oku kunye nokuncitshiswa kwengingqi okuzinzileyo kukhokelela ekukhululweni okukhawulezileyo nakwasekhaya kwabalamli be-neural kuzo zombini ii-axon zeepheripherali kunye neetheminali (Ikhiwane. 2) 1. Uvavanyo lwakudala olwenziwa nguGoltz (ngo-1874) nangoBayliss (ngo-1901) lubonise ukuba iingcambu zivuselela iingcambu inducases ulusu vasodilation, olukhokelele kwimbono ye-uroneurogenic inflammation , ezimeleyo kuloo nto iveliswa ngamajoni omzimba (Ikhiwane. 3).

 

 

 

Ukuvuvukala kwe-neurogenic kuhlanganiswe ngokukhululwa kwe-neuropeptides calcitonin gene ehlobene ne-peptide (CGRP) kunye ne-substance P (SP) evela kwi-nociceptors, esebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-vascular endothelial kunye neeseli ze-muscle ezigudileyo 2�5. I-CGRP ivelisa iziphumo ze-vasodilation i-2, i-3, ngelixa i-SP ikwandisa i-capillary permeability ekhokelela kwi-plasma extravasation kunye ne-edema ye-4, i-5, igalelo kwi-rubor, i-caloric kunye ne-tumor ye-Celsus. Nangona kunjalo, ii-nociceptors zikhupha ezininzi ze-neuropeptides (idatha ye-intanethi: www.neuropeptides.nl/), kubandakanya iAdrenomedullin, Neurokinins A kunye no-B, Vasoactive emathunjini peptide (VIP), neuropeptide (NPY), kunye ne-gastrin ekhupha i-peptide (GRP), kunye nabanye abalamli beemolekyuli ezinjenge-glutamate, i-nitric oxide (NO) kunye nee-cytokines ezinjenge-eotaxin 6.

 

Ngoku siyayixabisa into yokuba abalamli abakhululwe kwimithambo-luvo yoluvo bengasebenzi nje kuphela kwisisu, kodwa bakwatsala ngokuthe ngqo kwaye basebenzise iiseli zomzimba ezingaphakathi (iiseli zemasti, iiseli zedendriti), kunye neeseli zomzimba eziguqukayo (T lymphocytes) 7 12. Kwimeko ebukhali yomonakalo wethishu, sicinga ukuba ukudumba kwe-neurogenic kuyakhusela, kuququzelela ukuphiliswa kwenxeba komzimba kunye nokuzikhusela komzimba kwizifo ngokuvula kunye nokufumana iiseli zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, unxibelelwano olunje nge-neuro-immune nawo angadlala indima enkulu kwi-pathophysiology yezifo ezichasayo kunye nezifo ezomeleleyo ngokwandisa iimpendulo ze-pathological okanye maladaptive immune. Kwiimodeli zezilwanyana ze-rheumatoid arthritis umzekelo, u-Levine kunye noogxa bakhe babonakalisile ukuba ukudityaniswa kwendibaniselwano kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokudumba, oko kuxhomekeke ekubonakalisweni kwe-neural kwento P 13, 14. Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje lokudumba kwendlela yomoya, i-colitis kunye I-psoriasis, ii-neurons zemithambo-luvo zidlala indima ephambili ekuqaliseni nasekongezeleleni ukwenziwa kokuzikhusela kwangaphakathi nokuzalwa 15.

 

Sincoma ke ngoko, ukuba inkqubo ye-nervous system ingabonakali nje indima engabonakaliyo ekukhuseleni umkhosi (ukufumanisa ukukhwabanisa okubi kunye nokuqaliswa kokuziphatha kokuphepha), kodwa negalelo elisebenzayo kwikhonsathi kunye ne-immune system ekumodululeni iimpendulo kunye nokulwa nomonakalo inxaxheba, inxaxheba enokuthi ichithwe ibe negalelo kwizifo.

 

Ukwabiwa Kwengozi Ekwabelwana NgamaNkqubo kwiNkqubo yeNkqubo yokuThuthukiswa kwamaNyolo kunye neNdawo eziNgcono

 

I-peripheral sensory neurons zichitshiyelwe ukuba ziqaphele ingozi kwizinto eziphilayo ngenxa yobubele bazo kwizinto ezinamandla ezicwangcisayo, ezishisayo kunye nezikhumbuzayo (Fig. 1). I-TRP) i-ion channels zi-medie mediators ze-molecule ze-nociception, eziqhuba ukungena okukhethiweyo kwezication xa ziqaliswa ngento echaphazelekayo. I-TRPV1 isebenze ngamaqondo aphezulu aphezulu, i-pH ephantsi kunye ne-capsaicin, i-vallinoid isicatshulwa se-pepper 18. I-TRPA1 idibanisa ukufunyanwa kweekhemikhali ezisebenzayo ezibandakanya izibilini zendawo engqongileyo ezifana ne-gasti yeqabuka kunye ne-isothiocyanates ye-industrial 19, kodwa ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ibuye isebenze ngexesha lokulimala ngamathambo ngamagqabantshintshi angapheliyo kunye ne-4-hydroxynonenal kunye ne-prostaglandin i-20, i-21.

 

Okuthakazelisayo, i-neurons ye-sensory yabelana ezininzi ze-pathogen kunye neengozi zokumkela i-molecular receptor iindlela njengezifo ze-immune zangasese, ezibenza bakwazi ukufumanisa izifo (i-Fig. 1). Kwi-immune system, ii-microbial pathogens zifunyenwe nge-germline encoded recognition receptors (PRRs), eziqaphela ngokubanzi ulondolozo lwe-molecular molecule (PAMPs). I-PRRs zokuqala ezichongiweyo zingamalungu eentsapho ze-toll receptor (TLR), ezibophezela kwimvubelo, iinqununu ezithathwe kwiinkalo zesalathisi zeseli kunye ne-RNA 22. Ukulandela usebenziso lwe-PRR, iindlela zokungena ezantsi zivuliwe ezenza ukuveliswa kwe-cytokine kunye nokusebenza kwe-immunity immunity. Ukongeza kwii-TLR, iiseli ze-immune zangasese zenziwe ngethuba lokulimala ngamathambo ngamagqabantsha enobungozi obungapheliyo, okubizwa nangokuthi iipatheni ze-molecular molecular damage (DAMPs) okanye i-23, 24. Ezi zibonakaliso zengozi ziquka i-HMGB1, i-uric acid, kunye neeprotheni zokuphazamisa ukushisa ezikhishwe ngamaseli afayo ngexesha le-necrosis, kusebenze amaseli omzimba ngexesha leempendulo ezingabandakanyekanga.

 

Ii-PRRs kubandakanya ii-TLRs 3, 4, 7, kunye ne-9 zichazwe zii-nociceptor neurons, kwaye ukukhuthazwa yi-TLR ligands kukhokelela ekungenisweni kwemisinga yangaphakathi kunye nokukhuthaza ii-nociceptors kwezinye iintlungu ezibangela 25-27. Ngaphaya koko, ukwenziwa kwe-luvo luvo yi-TLR7 ligand imiquimod kukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwendlela ethile yovakalelo 25. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba iintlungu ezinxulumene nosulelo kunye nokurhawuzelela kunokuba yinxalenye yesizathu sokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwee-neuron zizinto ezithathwe yi-pathogen, zona zona Yenza iiseli zomzimba zisebenze ngokukhutshwa kwemida yeemolekyuli zokubonisa ze-neuronal.

 

I-DAMP / i-alarmin enkulu ekhutshwe ngexesha lokwenzakala kweselfowuni yi-ATP, eyamkelwa zii-purinergic receptors kuzo zombini i-nociceptor neurons kunye neeseli zomzimba ezingama-28-30. Ii-Purinergic receptors zenziwe ziintsapho ezimbini: ii-P2X receptors, iigand-gated cation channels, kunye ne-P2Y receptors, G-protein coupled receptors. Kwi-nociceptor neurons, ukwamkelwa kwe-ATP kwenzeka nge-P2X3, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokukhawuleza imisinga ye-cation kunye neentlungu ze-28, 30 (Ikhiwane. 1), ngelixa ii-receptors ze-P2Y zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kwe-nociceptor ngokwenza uvakalelo lwe-TRP kunye neendlela ze-sodium ezinamandla ombane. Kwi-macrophages, i-ATP ibophelela kwi-P2X7 receptors ikhokelela kwi-hyperpolarization, kunye nokuhla kwe-inflammasome, ubunzima beemolekyuli ezibalulekileyo kwisizukulwana se-IL-1beta kunye ne-IL-18 29. Ke ngoko, i-ATP luphawu lomngcipheko olunamandla olusebenzisa zombini iipheripheral neurons kunye ne-innate Ukhuseleko ngexesha lokonzakala, kwaye obunye ubungqina bade buchaza ukuba ii-neurons zichaza iinxalenye ze-inflammasome molecular machinery 31.

 

I-flip ecaleni lezingozi kwiimpawu ze-nociceptors yendima ye-TRP imigudu ekusebenziseni i-cell cell. I-TRPV2, i-homologue ye-TRPV1 eyenziwe ngubushushu obushushu, ibonakaliswa kumazinga aphezulu kumaseli omzimba angamaxhoba e-32. Ukunyuka kwe-genetic ye-TRPV2 kukhokelela kwiziphene kwi-macrophage phagocytosis kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwezifo ze-bacterial 32. Iiseli ezincinci zibonisa iziteshi ze-TRPV, ezinokuthi zidibanise ngqo i-degranulation ye-33. Kuhleli ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingaba ingozi yokugcina ingozi isebenzise iiseli ze-immune ngendlela efana ne-nociceptors.

 

Iindlela eziphambili zonxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zomzimba kunye ne-nociceptor neurons zii-cytokines. Emva kokuvula ii-cytokine receptors, iindlela zokudlulisa umqondiso zenziwa zasebenza kwi-sensory neurons ekhokelela ezantsi phosphorylation yeeproteni zeembrane kubandakanya i-TRP kunye neetship-gated channels (Ikhiwane. 1). Ukukhuthazwa kwesiphumo se-nociceptors kuthetha ukuba ngesiqhelo ukungabi nabungozi koomatshini kunye nokukhuthaza ubushushu ngoku kunokusebenzisa ii-nociceptors. I-Interleukin 1 beta kunye ne-TNF-alpha zimbini ii-cytokines ezibalulekileyo ezikhutshwe ngamaseli omzimba angaphakathi ngexesha lokudumba. I-IL-1beta kunye ne-TNF-alpha zichaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo zii-nociceptors ezibonisa ii-receptors ezihambelana noko, zenza ukuba kusebenze i-p38 map kinases ekhokelela ekwandiseni inwebu yovuyo 34-36. Ukukhula kwemithambo-luvo (NGF) kunye ne-prostaglandin E (2) ikwangabalamli abakhulu abanokudumba abakhutshwe kwiiseli zomzimba ezisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwii-neuropathy zemithambo-luvo ukubangela uvakalelo. Impembelelo ebalulekileyo ye-nociceptor sensitization by immune factor is a increase release of neuropeptides kwiipheripheral terminals eziqhubela phambili iiseli ze-immune, ngaloo ndlela zenza ukuba impendulo efanelekileyo iqhube kwaye iququzelele ukuvuvukala.

 

Isistim seNervous Sensory Control of Immunity and Adaptive Immunity

 

Kwizigaba zokuqala zokudumba, uphawu lwee-sensory neurons kwiiseli zemast cell ezihlala kunye neeseli zedendritic, ezizizisele zomzimba zomzimba ezibalulekile ekuqaliseni ukuphendula komzimba (Ikhiwane. Izifundo ze-anatomical zibonise ukubekwa ngokuthe ngqo kweetheminali ngeeseli zemasti, kunye neeseli zedendritic, kwaye ii-neuropeptides ezikhutshwe kwii-nociceptors zinokubangela ukuthotywa okanye ukuveliswa kwecytokine kwezi seli 2, 7, 9. Olu nxibelelwano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekungangeni moya ukudumba kunye nedermatitis 37 10.

 

Ngexesha lesiphumo sokudumba, iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba kufuneka zifumane indlela yazo kwindawo ethile yokwenzakala. Abalamli abaninzi abakhutshwe kwii-sensory neurons, i-neuropeptides, i-chemokines, kunye ne-glutamate, zi-chemotactic ze-neutrophils, i-eosinophils, i-macrophages, kunye ne-T-seli, kunye nokuphucula ukunamathela kwe-endothelial okuququzelela iseli yamajoni omzimba homing 6, 38-41 (Ikhiwane. 2). Ngapha koko, obunye ubungqina buchaza ukuba ii-neurons zinokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lesiphumo, njengoko ii-neuropeptides ngokwazo zinokuba nemisebenzi ethe ngqo ye-antimicrobial 42.

 

Iimolekyuli ezisayiniweyo ze-Neuronally nazo zinokukhokelela kuhlobo lokudumba, ngokwenza igalelo kukwahlulahlula okanye ukucacisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-immune T eziguqukayo. I-antigen yi-phagocytosed kwaye iqhutywa ngamaseli omzimba angaphakathi, athi emva koko afudukele kwi-lymph node ekufutshane kwaye abonise i-antigenic peptide kwiiseli ze-na ve T. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-antigen, iimolekyuli zeendleko zeseli yomzimba yokuzalwa, kunye nokudityaniswa kwee-cytokines ezithile, iiseli ze-na ve T zikhula zibe zii-subtypes ezithile ezisebenza kakuhle kwiinzame zokukrala ukucoca i-pathogenic stimulus. Iiseli ze-CD4 T, okanye iiseli ezincedisayo zeT, ezinokuhlulwa zibe ngamaqela amane omgaqo, iT1, Th2, Th17, kunye neeseli ezilawulayo zeT (Treg). Iiseli ze-Th1 zibandakanyeka ikakhulu ekulawuleni iimpendulo zomzimba kwii-microorganisms ze-intracellular kunye nezifo ezizenzekelayo zomzimba; I-Th2 ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni izifo ezichasene ne-cellular, ezifana ne-helminths, kwaye zinoxanduva lwezifo ezivuthayo; Iiseli ze-Th17 zidlala indima ephambili ekukhuseleni kwimiceli mngeni yeentsholongwane, ezinje ngeebhakteria zangaphandle kunye nefungi; Iiseli zeTreg ziyabandakanyeka ekugcineni ukunyamezelana kunye nokulawula iimpendulo zomzimba. Le nkqubo yokuvuthwa kweeseli T ibonakala ngathi ichatshazelwe ngamandla ngabalamli be-neuronal sensory. I-Neuropeptides, ezinje nge-CGRP kunye ne-VIP, zinokuthi zithathe indawo yeeseli ezikhuselekileyo ukuya kuhlobo lwe-Th2 kunye nokunciphisa ukungazinzi kohlobo lwe-Th1 ngokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwee-cytokines ezithile kunye nokuthintela ezinye, kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukuphucula ukufuduka kweseli ye-dendritic ukuya kwii-lymph node zendawo 8 , 10, 43. I-sensory neurons nayo inegalelo elibonakalayo kwi-aleji (ikakhulu eqhutywa yi-Th2) ukudumba 17. Ukongeza ekulawuleni i-Th1 kunye ne-Th2 iiseli, ezinye ii-neuropeptides, ezinje nge-SP kunye neHemokinin-1, zinokuqhuba impendulo yokuvuvukala ngakumbi ukuya kwi-Th17 okanye iTreg 44, 45, oko kuthetha ukuba ii-neurons nazo zinokuthi zibandakanyeke kulawulo lwesisombululo sokudumba. Kwii-immunopathologies ezinje nge-colitis kunye ne-psoriasis, ukuvalwa kwabalamli be-neuronal njengesiyobisi P kunokunciphisa iseli ye-T kunye nomonakalo olwa nomzimba okhuselweyo ngama-15 17, nangona umchasi-mthetho omnye enokuzichaphazela ngokunokwayo kuphela kukudumba kwe-neurogenic.

 

Ukuqwalasela ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwama-molecule ekhishwe kwi-peripheral nerve fibers controls not control only streams of blood, kodwa i-chemotaxis, homing, ukuvuthwa, kunye nokusebenza kwamaseli omzimba, kuyacaca ukuba ukusebenzisana kwe-neuro-immune kunzima kakhulu kunokuba kuthethwe ngaphambili 2). Ukongezelela, kubonakala ngathi abaxhamli bee-neural individuals but rather combinations of signaling molecules released from nociceptors ezichaphazela izigaba ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zezimpendulo ze-immune.

 

I-Autonomic Reflex Control of Immunity

 

Indima yenkqubo ye-cholinergic autonomic system reflex yesekethe kulawulo lwempendulo ye-immune majibu ikwabonakala iphambili kwi-46. I-vagus yeyona nto iphambili kwimithambo-luvo edibanisa ubuchwephesha ngamalungu e-visceral. Umsebenzi kaKevin Tracey nabanye bakhomba kwiimpendulo ezinxamnye nokuvuvukala ngokubanzi kukothuka kwe-septic kunye ne-endotoxemia, eqhutywa yimisebenzi ye-vagal ye-vagal ekhokelela kuxinzelelo lwe-macrophage ye-peripheral 47-49. I-vagus ivula i-peripheral adrenergic celiac ganglion neurons engafakwanga udakada, ekhokelela ekukhutshweni okungaphantsi kwe-acetylcholine, ebopha kwi-alpha-7 nicotinic receptors kwii-macrophages kwi-spleen nakwi-gastrointestinal tract. Oku kukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwendlela ye-JAK2 / STAT3 SOCS3, ethi icinezele ngamandla ukhuphelo lwe-TNF-alpha 47. I-adrenergic celiac ganglion ikwanxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-subset ye-acetylcholine evelisa imemori T iiseli, ezicinezela ii-macrophages ezivuthayo ezingama-48.

 

Iintsholongwane zendalo ze-Killer T (i-iNKT) zi-subset ezikhethekileyo zamaseli e-T ezibona iipilisi ezincinci kwiimeko zeCD1d esikhundleni se-antigens ze-peptide. I-cells ze-NKT ziyi-key lymphocyte yabemi abachaphazelekayo ekulwa ne-infathogens and infections. I-cells ze-NKT zihlala kwaye zihamba ngokugqithiseleyo ngokusebenzisa i-vasculature kunye ne-sinusoids yepeni nesibindi. I-beta-adrenergic neentsholongwane esibindiweyo kwisibindi ngokucacileyo ukulungelelanisa i-NKT yesebenzi ye-50. Ngexesha lomzekelo wemouse ye-stroke (MCAO), umzekelo, ukuhamba kwesibindi se-NKT kwakucatshulwa ngokucacileyo, okuye kwaguqulwa ukubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo okanye abaphikisayo benta-adrenergic. Ukongezelela, lo msebenzi wokungafihleki komzimba wee-noradrenergic neurons kwi-cells ze-NKT kukhokelela ekunyuseni kwintsholongwane yesifo kunye nokulimala kwemiphunga. Ngako oko, iimpawu ezisuka kwimimandla ye-autonomic neurons ziyakunxibelelanisa nokukhutshwa kwamandla omzimba.

 

Insight of Dr. Alex Jimenez

Ukuvuvukala kwe-Neurogenic yempendulo yokuvuvukala kwendawo eyenziwe yinkqubo yenzwa. Kukholelwa ukuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-pathogenesis yezinto ezahlukeneyo zempilo, kubandakanywa, i-migraine, i-psoriasis, i-asthma, i-fibromyalgia, i-eczema, i-rosacea, i-dystonia kunye ne-multiple chemical sensitivity. Nangona i-neurogenic inflammation ehambelana nenkqubo yentsholongwane yomhlaba iye yaphandwa kakhulu, ingcamango yokuvuvukala kwe-neurogenic ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yesantya ephakathi ifuna olunye uphando. Ngokwezifundo ezininzi zophando, nangona kunjalo, ukungaphumeleli kwe-magnesium kukholelwa ukuba yimbangela ebalulekileyo yokuvuvuka kwe-neurogenic. Inqaku elilandelayo libonisa umboniso wendlela yokuvuvukala kwe-neurogenic kwinkqubo yeentlanzi, ezinokukunceda abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuba banqume indlela yokunyanga engcono yokunyamekela imiba eyahlukeneyo yempilo ehambelana nenkqubo yesifo.

 

izigqibo

 

Zeziphi iindima ezithile ezichaphazelekayo zenkqubo ye-somatosensory kunye ne-autonomic system yokulawula ukudumba kunye ne-immune system (Ikhiwane. 4)? Ukwenza kusebenze ii-nociceptors kukhokelela kwii-axon reflexes zalapha ekhaya, apho kugaywa khona kwaye kusebenze iiseli zomzimba kwaye ngenxa yoko, ikakhulu kukudumba kunye nokuvalelwa kwendawo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuzimela kukhokelela kwinkqubo yokuchasana komzimba ngokuchaphazela amachibi eeseli zomzimba kwisibindi nakwipeni. Iindlela zokubonisa ezichaphazelekayo kwindawo ekhokelela ekuvuseleleni kwesekethe ye-vagin cholinergic reflex yesekethe ayiqondwa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, i-80-90% yemicu ye-vagal zezona zinto ziphambili zoluvo, kwaye ke imiqondiso evela kwi-viscera, uninzi olunokuthi luqhutywa ziiseli zomzimba, zinokukhokelela ekusebenziseni ii-interneurons kwi-brainstem nakwiziphumo zazo kwi-vagal fibers 46.

 

 

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lexesha kunye nohlobo lokuvuvukala, nokuba ngaba ngexesha lokusuleleka, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, okanye i-auto-immune pathologies, ichazwa ngamacandelo amajoni omzimba achaphazelekayo. Kuya kubakho ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zomzimba ezilawulwa zizibonakaliso zengqondo kunye nokuzimela. Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwabaphi abalamlamli abangakhululwa kuma-nociceptors kunye neonon autonomic and expression of receptors ezi zinto ngamaseli angamazwi ahlukeneyo kunye namagciwane asebenzayo angakunceda ukujongana nalo mbuzo.

 

Ngexesha lokuvela kwezinto, ingozi efanayo yokufumanisa iindlela zeemolekyuli ziye zaphuhliswa kokubini ukuzikhusela ngaphakathi kunye ne-nociception nangona iiseli zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yophuhliso. Ngelixa ii-PRRs kunye neendlela ezinobungozi ze-ligand-gated ion zifundwa ngokwahlukeneyo zii-immunologists kunye ne-neurobiologists, umgca phakathi kwala macandelo mabini uya usiba mfiliba. Ngexesha lokonakala kwethishu kunye nosulelo lwe-pathogenic, ukukhutshwa kweempawu ezinobungozi kunokwenzeka ukuba kukhokelele ekusebenzeni okulungelelanisiweyo kokubini kweepheripheral neurons kunye neeseli zomzimba ezinonxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokukhuseleka okuhlangeneyo komamkeli. Ukuma kwe-anatomical ye-nociceptors kwi-interface kunye nokusingqongileyo, isantya sokudluliselwa kwe-neural kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukukhupha ii-cocktails ezinamandla zabalamli abasebenza ngokuzikhusela komzimba kuvumela inkqubo ye-neripheral ye-nervous ukuba isebenzise ngokuthe gca ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba kunye nokulungelelanisa amajoni omzimba asezantsi. Kwelinye icala, ii-nociceptors zi-ethe-ethe kakhulu kubalamli bomzimba, ezisebenza kwaye zivuselele ii-neurons. Ukuvuvukala kwe-Neurogenic kunye ne-immune-mediated ukuduma ayizizo izinto ezizimeleyo kodwa zisebenza kunye njengezixhobo zokulumkisa kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ye-neripheral ye-nervous ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-pathophysiology, kwaye mhlawumbi i-etiology, yezifo ezininzi zomzimba ezinjenge-asthma, i-psoriasis, okanye i-colitis kuba amandla ayo okwenza amajoni omzimba anokukhulisa ukudumba kwesifo 15-17. Unyango lokuphazamiseka komzimba lunokufuna ukubandakanya, ke ngoko, ukujoliswa kwee-nociceptors kunye neeseli zomzimba.

 

Imibulelo

 

Siyabulela inkxaso ye-NIH (2R37NS039518).

 

Ukuququmbela,Ukuqonda indima yokuvuvukala kwe-neurogenic xa kufikwa ekubambeni ukhuselo kunye ne-immunopathology kubalulekile ekumiseleni indlela efanelekileyo yonyango kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo yezempilo. Ngokujonga ukuhlangana kwee-neuron ze-peripheral kunye neeseli zomzimba, abaqeqeshi bezempilo banokuqhubela phambili iindlela zonyango zokuqhubela phambili ukunceda ukonyusa ukhuselo lomamkeli kunye nokucinezela i-immunopathology. Injongo yenqaku elingentla kukunceda abaguli baqonde i-neurophysiology yeklinikhi ye-neuropathy, phakathi kweminye imiba yezempilo yokulimala kwentliziyo. Ulwazi olukhankanyiweyo kwiZiko leLizwe leNgcaciso yeBiotechnology (NCBI). Ubungakanani bolwazi lwethu lukhawulelwe kwi-chiropractic kunye nokulimala komqolo kunye neemeko. Ukuxoxa ngomxholo, nceda ukhululeke ukubuza uGqirha Jimenez okanye unxibelelane nathi ku915-850-0900 .

 

Ikhutshwe nguDkt. Alex Jimenez

 

 

Imixholo eyongezelelweyo: Ubunzima bokubuyisela

 

Umqolo obuhlungu enye yezona zizathu ezibangeleko zokukhubazeka kunye neentsuku eziphosakeleyo emhlabeni wonke. Njengokuba kunjalo, iintlungu zenziwa emva kweyona sibini isizathu esivakalayo sokutyelela iofisi yee-dkt. Ngokumalunga neepesenti ze-80 zabemi ziya kuba nolunye uhlobo lweentlungu zentlungu ubuncinane kanye kanye ebomini babo. Umgudu uyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwa ngamathambo, amajoyina, iigaments kunye nezihlunu, phakathi kwezinye iifomthi ezithambileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukulimala kunye / okanye iimeko ezihlaziyiweyo, ezifana disni, ekugqibeleni unokukhokelela kwiimpawu zentlungu. Ukulimala kwezemidlalo okanye ukulimala kwengozi yeemoto ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yintlungu yokubuhlungu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukuhamba kwezinto ezilula kunokuba neziphumo ezibuhlungu. Ngethamsanqa, ezinye iindlela zokhathalela unyango, ezifana nokunyamekelwa kwe-chiropractic, kunokunceda ukubuyisela intlungu emva kokusetyenziswa kwemilenze kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemigaqo, ekugqibeleni ukuphucula intlungu.

 

 

 

 

ISIHLOKO ESIBALULEKILEYO: Ulawulo oluPhantsi lwePain Pain

 

IINKCUKACHA NGOKUGQITHISILEYO: UKONGEZA KWEZINTLOKO: PainUbuhlungu obungapheliyo kunye nonyango